Rhesus factor is a stronger predictor for the risk of Sars-CoV-2 and mortality than ABO blood types

Abstract

Objectives In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between ABO blood groups and Rhesus factor (Rf) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (Sars-CoV-2), as well as the risk of infection susceptibility and death according to pre-existing comorbidities. Methods This retrospective study included patients medical record between March 2020 and March 2021. A total 470 patients were included in the study. The subjects were categorized according to diagnose of Sars-CoV-2. Also, we evaluated the subject according to severity of Sars-CoV-2 infection. The logistic and multivariate regression analysis were performed to predict possible effect of ABO and Rf types as well as comorbidities on indicators of Sars-CoV-2 severity including Intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization, intubation, and mortality. Results The distribution of ABO blood type and Rf were not statistically different cases with and without Sars-CoV-2. Blood type B and A were the most groups in intubation and mortality among patients with Sars-CoV-2. However, ABO blood types had no significant effect on risk of Sars-CoV-2 and mortality while, Rf had a significantly effect on it. Additionally, Rf had a statistically significant effect on all severity indicators of Sars-CoV-2 but ABO had not. Conclusions While Rf was significantly associated with risk of Sars-CoV-2 and had a strong effect on ICU admission, intubation, and mortality, ABO groups were not associated with risk of disease. Intubation and mortality rates were higher in patients with blood group B (OR: 2.93 p:0.390 95 % CI [0.253–33.9], OR: 0.217 p:0.211 95 % CI [0.020–2.37]) and Rh factor + (OR: 1.63 p:0.027 95 % CI [0.046–0.828]).