“…and are therefore limited in their knowledge regarding other disciplines and, thus, potentially unaware of important work done by experts in those other fields (Forceville, 2007). The visual arts (Ocvirk, et al, 2013;Lewis & Lewis, 2014;Hudson & Noonan, 2015), film studies (Bordwell & Thompson, 2013;Bowen & Thompson, 2013), photography (Langford, 2000;Präkel, 2010;duChemin, 2012;Freeman, 2013;Wells, 2015), literature (Culler, 2000;Abbott, 2010), rhetoric (Lanham, 1991;Sloane, 2001;Lotman, 2006;Leith, 2011;) to name but a few, all have long established traditions of scholarship on which multimodal studies can build.…”