Rhodococcus equi infection: A diverse spectrum of disease

Stewart, Adam G; Sowden, David; Caffery, Michael; Bint, Michael; Broom, Jennifer

doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00487

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…equi is a rare zoonotic organism, aerobic gram-positive coccobacillary organism, which is commonly found on dry surface soil of farming and livestock properties. The first human case was reported in 1967 when a young male patient on corticosteroid and 6-mercaptopurine for autoimmune hepatitis developed cavitary pneumonia [1]. It is acquired through inhalation, ingestion, or inoculation of a wound.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it can disseminate and cause disease in any human tissue. R. equi has been cultured from a variety of human tissues such as heart valves, cerebrospinal fluid, skin, lymph nodes, bone, pericardium, and peritoneal fluid causing a wide spectrum of diseases [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment of R. equi is complicated by antimicrobial resistance, treatment failures, and clinical relapses. Multidrug therapy of at least two or three active agents is more effective compared to monotherapy based on available evidence [1]. R. equi is usually susceptible to macrolides, rifampicin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, and imipenem [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) is an uncommon human pathogen present in the feces of many grazing animals and in farm soil [1]. It typically presents with pulmonary disease such as pneumonia and lung abscess in an immunocompromised patient [1]. R. equi infections can be fatal in immunocompromised patients [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Less than 15% of reported cases occur in immunocompetent patients [4]. The mechanism of human immunological response to this pathogen remains largely unknown which makes it difficult to identify predisposing factors [1]. The diagnosis of R. equi is challenging because it is similar to other bacterial pathogens, such as diptheroids, Mycobacterium, and Nocardia species [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infective Endocarditis Caused by Rhodococcus equi in an Immunocompetent Patient

Shah¹,

Klumpp²,

Nerella

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) is a rare zoonotic organism that is found in the feces of grazing animals and in farm soil. It typically causes pulmonary disease, but it can also cause extrapulmonary disease. Immunocompromised patients are at a higher risk of developing the infection, but it has been reported in individuals with competent immune system as well. We present a unique case of infectious endocarditis (IE) due to a R. equi infection in an immunocompetent patient. A 77-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease, prior myocardial infarction, systolic heart failure, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, aortic stenosis, and benign prostatic hypertrophy was evaluated by cardiothoracic surgery for coronary and valvular heart disease. His transesophageal echocardiogram and cardiac catheterization demonstrated severe aortic stenosis and multivessel coronary artery disease. The patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and simultaneous aortic valve replacement. Intraoperatively, there was exudative material covering his aortic valve, which was sent for tissue culture. Tissue culture was positive for R. equi and Enterococcus faecium. R. equi endocarditis is a rare presentation of this organism. R. equi endocarditis is a very challenging diagnosis due to its varying presentation compared to typical IE. Detailed history taking and physical exam are extremely important to determine if further evaluation is needed. Prolonged oral and intravenous antibiotics are recommended for effective treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Infective Endocarditis Caused by Rhodococcus equi in an Immunocompetent Patient

Shah¹,

Klumpp²,

Nerella

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Replacement of soy by mealworms for livestock feed - A comparative review between soy and mealworms considering environmental aspects

Siddiqui,

Elsheikh,

Ucak

et al. 2024

Environ Dev Sustain

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The urgent need for sustainable alternatives to conventional livestock feed has prompted research into novel protein sources. This review paper systematically evaluates the prospect of replacing soy with mealworms in livestock feed, focusing on comprehensive comparisons of nutritional content and environmental considerations. The nutritional profiles of soy and mealworms are analyzed in terms of amino acid composition and digestibility. The total essential amino acids in mealworms are 26.02 g/100 g while in mealworms total EAA is 31.49 g/100 g. The protein content in mealworm is high (51.93 g/100 g) in comparison to soy meal (44.51 g/100 g). Environmental aspects, including deforestation, pesticide use, water consumption, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions, are scrutinized for both soy cultivation and mealworm farming.One kg of mealworm meal yields 141.3 MJ energy use, 3.8 kg CO2 equivalent for climate change, 25.6 g SO2 equivalent for acidification, 15.0 g PO4 equivalent for eutrophication, and 4.1 m2 land use. It's more potent per kg of protein than soybean or fish meal. Feasibility, scalability, and economic considerations are explored to understand the practical implications for livestock farmers. Consumer perception and regulatory frameworks are also addressed, highlighting potential challenges and strategies for acceptance. The paper concludes by synthesizing key findings and offering recommendations for stakeholders interested in the sustainable integration of mealworms into mainstream livestock agriculture. This comparative review provides a holistic understanding of the potential environmental benefits and challenges associated with replacing soy with mealworms in livestock feed. Graphical abstract

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Rhodococcus equi infection: A diverse spectrum of disease

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Infective Endocarditis Caused by Rhodococcus equi in an Immunocompetent Patient

Infective Endocarditis Caused by Rhodococcus equi in an Immunocompetent Patient

Replacement of soy by mealworms for livestock feed - A comparative review between soy and mealworms considering environmental aspects

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