Ribbon rocks revisited: the upper Cambrian (Furongian) Hwajeol Formation, Taebaek Group, Korea

Lee, Jeong Hyun; Cho, Se Hyun; Jung, Dong Ho; Choh, Suk Joo; Lee, Dong Jin

doi:10.1007/s10347-021-00630-3

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Distinctive lenticular outlines of keratosans (often initially described as non-lithistid demosponges) on millimetric–centimetric scales have been illustrated within fine-grained carbonates from both shallow- and relatively deep-water environments, e.g., upper Cambrian, Korea (Lee et al, 2021, fig. 6), Upper Ordovician of South China (Park et al, 2015, figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing sponge inSpongiostromaGürich, 1906 from the Mississippian of Belgium

Lee

Riding²

2022

J. Paleontol.

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Spongiostroma Gürich, 1906 from the Mississippian of Belgium was initially provisionally placed in Foraminifera and subsequently compared with hydrozoans and microbial carbonates. For nearly 100 years, the term spongiostromate has been widely applied to clotted microbial fabrics in stromatolites and oncolites. Examination of the type material shows that S. mæandrinum Gürich, 1906, the type species of Spongiostroma, consists of numerous juxtaposed millimetric pillow-like masses permeated by thin anastomose sparry microscopic fibers (vermiform fabric) in fine-grained groundmass, locally traversed by millimetric rounded to elongate partly sediment-filled openings. Here we interpret S. mæandrinum to be a lobate sponge composed of mammiform papillae formed by calcified spongin network and traversed by canals and spongocoel. These are typical features of calcified remains of keratosan demosponges. We redescribe and revise S. mæandrinum and interpret it as a keratosan demosponge with papilliform morphology. This upholds Gürich's (1906) initial opinion that Spongiostroma could be a sponge and supports suggestions that keratosan vermiform fabric has long been confused with microbial carbonate. Since S. mæandrinum is not a stromatolite, it is inappropriate to use the term spongiostromate to describe microbial carbonate microfabric.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing sponge inSpongiostromaGürich, 1906 from the Mississippian of Belgium

Lee

Riding²

2022

J. Paleontol.

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“…Comparable rocks have also been reported from the Jiangshanian‐age Shenjiawan Formation of the Wangcun section in western Hunan (Zuo et al, 2018; Figure 4 therein). Recently, Lee et al (2021) reported nodular to bedded ribbon rocks with intercalations of conglomerate from the upper Cambrian Hwajeol Formation of Korea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of HCS, combined‐flow ripples, storm deposits, parallel lamination, and ripple lamination are evidence for the presence of storm‐induced sedimentary processes and the existence of wavy and lenticular beddings together with microbialite are evidence for the influence of tidal currents in shaping the sediment. In other words, the Deh‐Molla ribbon rocks encompass the tempestite and tidalite types (Lee et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack or paucity of infaunal ecospace utilization leading to the virtual absence of the bioturbated mixed layer has been regarded the cause of development of ribbon rocks as their development is promoted after mass extinction events (see Lee et al, 2021 and Bayet‐Goll et al, 2022 for further information). Diagenesis (e.g., Munnecke & Samtleben, 1996; Westphal, 2006) and microcyclicity of environmental conditions (e.g., Einsele & Ricken, 1991) have also been discussed as possible causes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to differences in their depositional environments, different formative processes have been suggested leading to the development of different types of ribbon rocks. As recently discussed in Lee et al (2021), tempestite, tidalite, turbidite, and diagenetic types can be differentiated depending on the dominant formative process (see Lee et al, 2021 and references therein). The Deh-Molla ribbon rocks may have been deposited in a tide-and storm-induced epeiric platform by combined flows resulting from unidirectional and oscillatory flows (as suggested by Bayet-Goll et al, 2015) as well as by tidal currents.…”

Section: Depositional Settings Of Ribbon Rocksmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Late Cambrian climate change recorded by a shift from an arid carbonate platform to a storm‐dominated cool‐water platform at the Gondwana margin (Alborz Zone, Iran)

et al. 2022

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The Deh-Molla Formation of the Alborz Zone in northern Iran is a key unit to understanding global sea-level fluctuations, and likely climate changes during the Furongian Epoch. The sedimentological characteristics of the formation indicate that the succession was deposited on a gently sloping epeiric platform on the northern margin of Gondwana. The Paibian Member 1 of the Deh-Molla Formation was deposited on a carbonate platform with stable environmental conditions, probably during a (semi) arid climate condition, as indicated by microbial-sponge patch reefs, thick-bedded units formed in broad facies belts, and a thick dolomite unit formed under evaporative conditions. The overlying Member 2, considered to span the Jiangshanian-Age 10, includes thin-bedded wavy, and rippled strata known as ribbon rocks. This sequence records considerable environmental fluctuations. Thin-bedded strata with flat-pebble conglomerates, hummocky cross-stratification, lenticular, flaser, and wavy bedding, ripple cross-lamination, and graded bedding signify that deposition of Member 2 took place in a depositional environment repeatedly affected by tidal currents, and storm waves. A comparison of the Deh-Molla Formation, and particularly its ribbon rocks with coeval strata in Laurentia and North China reveals secular controls on their development. In contrast to the Furongian strata of the Great American Carbonate Bank, deposited under tropical conditions, the ribbon rocks of the Deh-Molla Formation suggest deposition in a temperate latitude zone with dominant cool-water conditions. However, the Deh-Molla platform was seasonally subjected to monsoons that brought warm tropical waters to the region, and led to rapidly changing environments. Ooids, peloids, stromatolites, and other criteria suggestive of a tropical climate are frequent in Laurentian successions, but absent in the Deh-Molla Member 2. However, both Laurentian and Gondwanan examples share characters that indicate comparable controls on their development. Significant environmental changes during the Furongian are indicated by the SPICE and HERB events, and the latter is taken as showing biotic and physico-chemical changes in the ocean and atmosphere, possibly concurrent with the formation of ribbon rocks on different continental blocks.

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The origins and transformation of carbonate mud during early marine burial diagenesis and the fate of aragonite: A stratigraphic sedimentological perspective

Munnecke

Wright

Nohl

2023

Earth-Science Reviews

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Ribbon rocks revisited: the upper Cambrian (Furongian) Hwajeol Formation, Taebaek Group, Korea

Cited by 7 publications

References 97 publications

Recognizing sponge inSpongiostromaGürich, 1906 from the Mississippian of Belgium

Recognizing sponge inSpongiostromaGürich, 1906 from the Mississippian of Belgium

Late Cambrian climate change recorded by a shift from an arid carbonate platform to a storm‐dominated cool‐water platform at the Gondwana margin (Alborz Zone, Iran)

The origins and transformation of carbonate mud during early marine burial diagenesis and the fate of aragonite: A stratigraphic sedimentological perspective

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