Ribosome Inactivating Proteins: Exploiting Plant Weapons to Fight Human Cancer

Vago, Riccardo

doi:10.4172/2157-7412.1000272

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…In addition, their cytotoxicity is linked to multiple parameters, such as accessibility and penetration inside the tumor mass, specific internalization into target cells, followed by an efficient release of the toxin in the cytoplasm, where it exerts the catalytic activity. Binding and internalization of the IT or chimeric toxin can be blocked through the loss or downregulation of targeted specific receptors by tumor cells, especially after repeated administrations [ 141 ]. To overcome some of these limitations, suicide gene therapy has been proposed as an alternative, making use of nucleic acids encoding the toxin domain under control of specific promoters.…”

Section: Novel Potential Applications Of Ripsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins: Progesses, Challenges and Biotechnological Applications (and a Few Digressions)

Fabbrini

Katayama

Nakase

et al. 2017

Toxins

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Plant ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) toxins are EC3.2.2.22 N-glycosidases, found among most plant species encoded as small gene families, distributed in several tissues being endowed with defensive functions against fungal or viral infections. The two main plant RIP classes include type I (monomeric) and type II (dimeric) as the prototype ricin holotoxin from Ricinus communis that is composed of a catalytic active A chain linked via a disulphide bridge to a B-lectin domain that mediates efficient endocytosis in eukaryotic cells. Plant RIPs can recognize a universally conserved stem-loop, known as the α-sarcin/ ricin loop or SRL structure in 23S/25S/28S rRNA. By depurinating a single adenine (A4324 in 28S rat rRNA), they can irreversibly arrest protein translation and trigger cell death in the intoxicated mammalian cell. Besides their useful application as potential weapons against infected/tumor cells, ricin was also used in bio-terroristic attacks and, as such, constitutes a major concern. In this review, we aim to summarize past studies and more recent progresses made studying plant RIPs and discuss successful approaches that might help overcoming some of the bottlenecks encountered during the development of their biomedical applications.

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Section: Novel Potential Applications Of Ripsmentioning

confidence: 99%