Rice Selection Criteria Based on Morphological and Image-Based Phenotyping Under Drought- And Salinity-Stress Conditions

Abstract

Image-based phenotyping in selecting drought- and salinity-tolerant rice lines is a potential approach to complement other selection criteria. This study aimed to determine tolerance response and selection criteria on drought and salinity stresses based on a morphological and image-based phenotyping character. The experiment, set up in a screen house of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia, consisted of a nested randomized complete group design. The nested replication included stressed environments with two factors and three repetitions. The level of environmental stresses comprised the first factor, i.e., normal (without NaCl and PEG), salinity (60 and 120 mM NaCl), drought (10% and 20% PEG), and combination of drought-salinity (10% PEG + 60 mM NaCl). The second factor entailed the rice genotypes. Observations of the morphological and image-based phenotyping characters ensued. The results indicated that salinity stress had a wider diversity than drought stress, while the multiple stresses had a relatively stable variety compared with single stress. Morphological and image-based phenotyping character increased precision in assessing the tolerance or adaptability of rice to drought stress, salinity, and its combination. The morphological characters that can serve as rice selection criteria in a combination of drought-salinity stress included the shoot and root fresh weights and the root length. As for the image-based phenotyping character, the shoot phenotype width can serve as the selection criterion. Image-based phenotyping characters, especially the shoot phenotype area, were recommended as criteria for precise selection in assessing rice genotypes’ potential tolerance and adaptability to drought stress, salinity, and its combinations.

Seedling Stage Image-Based Phenotyping Selection Criteria through Tolerance Indices on Drought and Salinity Stress in Rice

“…Plant phenotyping, a fundamental practice in crop improvement, includes the measurement and analysis of the physical and biochemical characteristics of an organism. Traditionally, the process relied on labor-intensive, subjective, and time-consuming approaches (Bhatta et Sakinah et al 2022). As an alternative to the conventional method, non-invasive RGB imaging has been incorporated to identify the tolerant plant in its early stage, focusing on important geometric features (Bhatta et al 2021).…”

“…This is in line with the study byHan et al (2021) that VARI and NDI can estimate plant height and biomass using the area. Shoot biomass is the main character in assessing drought and salinity stress in rice(Sakinah et al 2022). In the second cluster, the GLI and color indices were present, appearing in moderately tolerant genotypes.…”

Combining Image-Based Phenotyping and Multivariate Analysis to Estimate Fruit Fresh Weight in Segregation Lines of Lowland Tomatoes

“…This approach involves gathering all dimensions of an extensive crop data collection to be processed collectively, leading to a more straightforward interpretation [15,50,51]. Although several studies have employed multivariate analysis on image-derive phenotypic traits [37,38,52,53], the joint application of IBP and multivariate analysis in detecting tomato fruit fresh weight has not been extensively tested, particularly in segregated populations.…”

Path Coefficient Analyses of Introduced Rice Varieties Under Different Planting Distances

“…The required additional increase could come mainly from the irrigated areas of Asia (Alhassan and Musa, 2021). However, for horizontal improvement, the extent of expansion in cultivating new lands is usually limited (Hadi et al, 2019;Khan et al, 2022;Sakinah et al, 2022). The land cultivated with rice is shrinking in several Asian countries due to urbanization and industries.…”