Rickets in a non-industrialised Iberian population: A case study in Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque Country, Spain) between the 12th and 18th centuries

Ventades, Nerea G.; Pérez-Rubio, Cristina; Hervella, Montse; de-la-Rúa, Concepción

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.05.046

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In Marseille and Provence, the pattern of industrialization was of Mediterranean type, similar to that found in certain towns in Italy or Spain (Daumalin & Raveux, 2001). With regard to Iberian populations, the study of Ventades and colleagues is of note, although it focuses on a pre‐industrial, medieval, and modern population (12th–18th century) (Ventades et al, 2020). In this Spanish population, the prevalence of rickets is very similar to ours (Ventades et al, 2020) (Table 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rickets and the industrial revolution in France: The example of Provence

Perrin,

Schmitt,

Ardagna

2023

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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This article aims to estimate the prevalence of rickets and its development during the Industrial Revolution in southeastern France through the study of a large skeletal collection from two recently excavated sites in La Ciotat and Marseille. In total, 790 individuals were selected based on their state of preservation: 556 adults and 234 nonadults. All individuals were systematically examined for macroscopic paleopathological evidence of rickets, based on 13 features indicative of vitamin D deficiency. Rickets was rare in our population, with only 3% of the sample showing signs of the disease. Individuals who died during childhood were more likely to present lesions associated with rickets: 7.7% of the nonadult population show signs of rickets against 1.1% of the adult one (Fisher's exact test: p < 0.001). Moreover, these lesions generally indicated early stages with mechanical bowing of long bones being particularly rare, unlike metaphyseal deformities. Far from the expected increase described by medico‐historical literature, incidence was low and showed no change from the 16th to the 20th century. Furthermore, an increase in residual cases in adults results suggest better survival of vitamin D deficiency, which could reflect better handling of the disease. This is the first study dealing with rickets during the Industrial Revolution in France, and based on osteological material, forthcoming analyses should now focus on the incorporation of radiographic and microscopic criteria to further validate our cases and working hypotheses. Additionally, future research could benefit from the inclusion of a broader sample of individuals from early and late modern contexts, but also from the consideration of local medieval contexts providing a detailed overview that could highlight secular changes over a long period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to Iberian populations, the study of Ventades and colleagues is of note, although it focuses on a pre‐industrial, medieval, and modern population (12th–18th century) (Ventades et al, 2020). In this Spanish population, the prevalence of rickets is very similar to ours (Ventades et al, 2020) (Table 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rickets and the industrial revolution in France: The example of Provence

Perrin,

Schmitt,

Ardagna

2023

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…As for the AGE, the results of the present study are compatible with most of the previous research conducted with adults, wherein AGE did not significantly determine the levels of adherence to MD [ 27 ]. Moreover, previous studies have verified that malnutrition can impact HE and even cause rickets [ 86 , 87 ]. However, we understand that this only occurs when there is a severe nutritional deficit involving a significant deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus [ 87 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, previous studies have verified that malnutrition can impact HE and even cause rickets [ 86 , 87 ]. However, we understand that this only occurs when there is a severe nutritional deficit involving a significant deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus [ 87 ]. SPO2 also seems to be unaffected by the levels of adherence to MD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Anthropometric and Health Variables in College-Aged Males

2022

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The present study aimed to verify the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and anthropometric and health variables. Four-hundred-and-ninety-five college-aged males aged 18–25 participated in this cross-sectional research. The KIMED (Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents) was used to assess the adherence to MD. The following variables were also assessed: body mass (BM), height (HE), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (%FAT), lean mass (LEAN), abdominal girth (AG), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), oxygen saturation (SPO2), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), double product (DP), and fasting blood glucose (GLU). The results showed that adherence to MD presented a strong negative correlation with most of the anthropometric parameters (BM: r = −0.571; BMI: r = −0.614; %FAT: r = −0.558; and AG: r = −0.564), a moderate or weak correlation with most of the health variables (GLU: r = −0.407; SBP: r = −0.238; DBP: r = −0.217, and DP: r = −0.265) and LEAN (r = −0.497), and a very weak correlation with WHR (r = −0.090). Many anthropometric parameters (BM, BMI, %FAT, LEAN, AG, WHR) present significant correlations with health variables (SBP, DBP, DP, and GLU). We conclude that greater adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with healthier values of the selected anthropometric and health parameters. Since most of the anthropometric and health parameters present significant correlations among themselves, this finding could be useful in medical diagnosis, health monitoring, and risk detection. Based on the level of adherence to Mediterranean diet and the KIDMED found in the present study, and considering the prevalence of obesity in the Middle East, it is imperative to implement nutritional interventions with the target population of this research to prevent nutrition-related diseases and promote public health.

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“…There is a strong body of archeological literature that has argued for an association of weaning with rickets (Giuffra et al, 2015; Ives, 2018; Ventades et al, 2020). Weaning onto vitamin D (and calcium) poor foods exacerbates existing insufficiency in the infant.…”

Section: Considering the Role Of Calcium Deficiency In The Pathogenes...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of dietary calcium in the etiology of childhood rickets in the past and the present

Vlok

Snoddy

Niranjan

et al. 2022

American J Hum Biol

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For more than two centuries, lack of sunlight has been understood to cause vitamin D deficiency and documented as a primary cause of rickets. As such, evidence of rickets in the archeological record has been used as a proxy for vitamin D status in past individuals and populations. In the last decade, a clinical global consensus has emerged wherein it is recognized that dietary calcium deficiency also plays a role in the manifestation of rickets and classic skeletal deformities may not form if dietary calcium is normal even if vitamin D is deficient. This disease is now clinically called "nutritional rickets" to reflect the fact that rickets can take calcium deficiency-predominant or vitamin D deficiency-predominant forms. However, there are currently no paleopathological studies wherein dietary calcium deficiency is critically considered a primary etiology of the disease. We review here the interplay of calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorous in bone homeostasis, examine the role of dietary calcium in human health, and critically explore the clinical literature on calcium deficiency-predominant rickets. Finally, we report a case of rickets from the late Formative Period ($2500-1500 years ago) of the Atacama Desert and argue the disease in this infant is likely an example of calcium deficiencypredominant rickets. We conclude that most archeological cases of rickets are the result of multiple micronutrient deficiencies that compound to manifest in macroscopic skeletal lesions. For clinicians, these factors are important for implementing best treatment practice, and for paleopathologists they are necessary for appropriate interpretation of health in past communities.

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Rickets in a non-industrialised Iberian population: A case study in Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque Country, Spain) between the 12th and 18th centuries

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

Rickets and the industrial revolution in France: The example of Provence

Rickets and the industrial revolution in France: The example of Provence

Association between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Anthropometric and Health Variables in College-Aged Males

The role of dietary calcium in the etiology of childhood rickets in the past and the present

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