Right Cervical Vagotomy Aggravates Viral Myocarditis in Mice Via the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway

Li‐Sha, Ge; Chen, Xing‐Xing; Wu, Lianpin; Zhou, Depu; Li, Xiaowei; Lin, Jiafeng; Li, Yuechun

doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00025

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“… 19 , 36 , 37 The reason for conflicting findings is unknown; however, we note that the majority of studies inconsistent with our findings have either tested orally administered, often purified or synthetic, cannabinoids, or used different CBD and THC doses than are typically available and used by consumers in legal markets. The specific form and dose of CBD are important as CBD has a very complex dose–response curve, 20 , 38 which may differ when CBD is administered in isolation versus by an extract that is primarily CBD, but also contains low levels of other phytocannabinoids. 20 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Observational Method for Assessing Acute Responses to Cannabis: Preliminary Validation Using Legal Market Strains

Bidwell

Mueller

YorkWilliams

et al. 2018

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The development of novel cannabis research methods that are compatible with current federal regulations is imperative to conduct studies of the effects of legal market cannabis. There is very little research on higher strength, higher Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which has become increasingly available since legalization. Research on strains containing cannabidiol (CBD), a second primary, but nonpsychotomimetic, cannabinoid, is very limited.Materials and Methods: Using a novel observational methodology, regular cannabis users were asked to use one of two legal market cannabis strains that they purchased from a local dispensary (one strain containing 8% THC and 16% CBD (THC+CBD) and one containing a 17% THC concentration, but no CBD (THC). After using their suggested cannabis strain as they typically would for a 3-day period, participants returned to the laboratory immediately after their final use. Measures included a blood draw to measure cannabinoid blood levels and circulating cytokines, self-reported subjective drug effects, and verbal recall memory.Results: Analysis of CBD/THC concentration levels in the blood following the 3-day strain manipulation suggests that all, but one participant (n=23/24) followed instructions and used their assigned strain. Individuals in the THC group (n=11) smoked no more than their usual amount, and participants who used the THC+CBD (n=12) strain smoked more than their reported usual amount, but did not have significantly different THC+metabolite blood levels from the THC group. The THC+CBD strain was also associated with less desire to smoke, lower levels of subjective drug effects, and lower levels of circulating cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) immediately after use.Conclusions: Initial results support the feasibility of this novel observational methodology involving brief manipulation of strain use. Preliminary findings indicate that participants may self-titrate cannabis use based on cannabinoid concentration and the THC+CBD strain was associated with lower levels of cannabis craving, subjective intoxication, and circulating cytokines.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Observational Method for Assessing Acute Responses to Cannabis: Preliminary Validation Using Legal Market Strains

Bidwell

Mueller

YorkWilliams

et al. 2018

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…AB polysaccharides can significantly improve serum and liver antioxidant activities and reduce peroxidative lipid levels ( 3 ). On the other hand, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory treatment is often considered for VMC therapy ( 4 – 6 ). Thus, AB may have beneficial and pharmacological effects on VMC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astragalus mongholicus (Fisch.) Bge Improves Peripheral Treg Cell Immunity Imbalance in the Children With Viral Myocarditis by Reducing the Levels of miR-146b and miR-155

Zhang

Dai

et al. 2018

Front. Pediatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a common cardiac disease, however, there still lacks an effective therapeutic strategy for VMC. Astragalus mongholicus (Fisch.) Bge (AB), a Chinese herb with some functional metabolites, may have some pharmacological effects on VMC. AB ingredients were measured by a full-scan LCQ mass spectrum. We aimed to explore the effects of AB on the VMC children by investigating peripheral Treg cell homeostasis. A total of 68 VMC children were random and evenly assigned into an AG group (received 10-mL AB oral liquid daily), and a CG group (received placebo daily). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from peripheral blood and Treg cells were isolated. The levels of miR-146b, miR-155, Treg immunity activity and myocarditis biomarkers were measured in Treg cells. There were four main components (sucrose, calycosin, Astragaloside IV and calycosin-7-glucoside) in AB. The cases sinus tachycardia, frequent premature ventricular contractions, and supraventricular tachycardia were significantly reduced in the AG group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the myocardial enzymes and cardiac function indexes were improved in the AG group when compared with the CG group (P < 0.05). The time of electrocardiogram recovery, symptom duration and hospital stay was shorter in the AG group than in the CG group (P < 0.05). The levels of miR-146b and miR-155 were higher in the CG group than in the AG group (P < 0.05). The levels of ROR-γt (retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma), FoxP3 (forkhead transcription factor), IL-10 (interleukin-11) and TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta) were lower in the CG group than in the AG group (P < 0.05). In contrast, the levels of IL-17, IL-21, CK-MB (creatine kinase-MB), cTnI (cardiac troponin I), GrB (granzyme B), sFasL (soluble fas ligand) and caspase-3 were higher in the CG group than in the AG group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of ROR-γt, FoxP3, IL-10, and TGF-β were positively, whereas the levels of IL-17, IL-21, CK-MB, cTnI, GrB, sFasL and caspase-3 were negatively, associated with the levels of miR-146b and miR-155 (P < 0.05). AB treatment improved cardiac functions, peripheral Treg cell immunity imbalance in the children with VMC by reducing the levels of miR-146b and miR-155.

show abstract

“…Vagal activity is correlated with decreased inflammatory markers (e.g., IL-6, C-reactive protein) ( 107 , 108 ). In experimental models, lesioning the vagus nerve (vagotomy) exacerbates the inflammatory response in colitis, pancreatitis, viral myocarditis, and sepsis ( 109 – 111 ). It also increases the synthesis of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, while decreasing pro-resolving mediators such as netrin-1 and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) ( 112 ), which decrease the resolution of bacteria inflammation ( 113 , 114 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Non-invasive Neuromodulation for the Management of Disorders Related to COVID-19

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) morbidity is not restricted to the respiratory system, but also affects the nervous system. Non-invasive neuromodulation may be useful in the treatment of the disorders associated with COVID-19.Objective: To describe the rationale and empirical basis of the use of non-invasive neuromodulation in the management of patients with COVID-10 and related disorders.Methods: We summarize COVID-19 pathophysiology with emphasis of direct neuroinvasiveness, neuroimmune response and inflammation, autonomic balance and neurological, musculoskeletal and neuropsychiatric sequela. This supports the development of a framework for advancing applications of non-invasive neuromodulation in the management COVID-19 and related disorders.Results: Non-invasive neuromodulation may manage disorders associated with COVID-19 through four pathways: (1) Direct infection mitigation through the stimulation of regions involved in the regulation of systemic anti-inflammatory responses and/or autonomic responses and prevention of neuroinflammation and recovery of respiration; (2) Amelioration of COVID-19 symptoms of musculoskeletal pain and systemic fatigue; (3) Augmenting cognitive and physical rehabilitation following critical illness; and (4) Treating outbreak-related mental distress including neurological and psychiatric disorders exacerbated by surrounding psychosocial stressors related to COVID-19. The selection of the appropriate techniques will depend on the identified target treatment pathway.Conclusion: COVID-19 infection results in a myriad of acute and chronic symptoms, both directly associated with respiratory distress (e.g., rehabilitation) or of yet-to-be-determined etiology (e.g., fatigue). Non-invasive neuromodulation is a toolbox of techniques that based on targeted pathways and empirical evidence (largely in non-COVID-19 patients) can be investigated in the management of patients with COVID-19.

show abstract

Right Cervical Vagotomy Aggravates Viral Myocarditis in Mice Via the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway

Cited by 20 publications

References 65 publications

A Novel Observational Method for Assessing Acute Responses to Cannabis: Preliminary Validation Using Legal Market Strains

A Novel Observational Method for Assessing Acute Responses to Cannabis: Preliminary Validation Using Legal Market Strains

Astragalus mongholicus (Fisch.) Bge Improves Peripheral Treg Cell Immunity Imbalance in the Children With Viral Myocarditis by Reducing the Levels of miR-146b and miR-155

Applications of Non-invasive Neuromodulation for the Management of Disorders Related to COVID-19

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About