Right Ventricular Contractility and Pulmonary Arterial Coupling After Less Invasive Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

Abstract

Right ventricular failure contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality after left ventricular assist device implantation. Recent data suggest a less invasive strategy (LIS) via thoracotomy may be associated with less right ventricular failure than conventional median sternotomy (CMS). However, the impact of these approaches on load-independent right ventricular (RV) contractility and RV-pulmonary arterial (RV-PA) coupling remains uncertain. We hypothesized that the LIS approach would be associated with preserved RV contractility and improved RV-PA coupling compared with CMS. We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent durable, centrifugal left ventricular assist device implantation and had paired hemodynamic assessments before and after implantation. RV contractility (end-systolic elastance [Ees]), RV afterload (pulmonary effective arterial elastance [Ea]), and RV-PA coupling (Ees/Ea) were determined using digitized RV pressure waveforms. Forty-two CMS and 21 LIS patients were identified. Preimplant measures of Ees, Ea, and Ees/Ea were similar between groups. After implantation, Ees declined significantly in the CMS group (0.60–0.40, p = 0.008) but not in the LIS group (0.67–0.58, p = 0.28). Coupling (Ees/Ea) was unchanged in CMS group (0.54–0.59, p = 0.80) but improved significantly in the LIS group (0.58–0.71, p = 0.008). LIS implantation techniques may better preserve RV contractility and improve RV-PA coupling compared with CMS.