“…(Moffatt, 2001, p. 1) Thus, for this equal marriage litigant, the argument harkens back to that of the gay liberationists; seeking rights is not about assimilation and replication but rather a means to destabilize and subvert institutions that perpetuate and elevate heteronormativity. "Homophobic prejudice, like sexism and racism, unjustly distorts the idea of human rights applicable to both private and public life" (Richards, 1998, p. 347), and the equal rights debate is uniquely positioned to mobilize a marginalized population and draw attention to the broader systemic experiences of prejudice and discrimination (Bakan & Smith, 1995). Thus, the value of the Charter and equal rights litigation may not reside so much in its measurable outcomes but rather in its ability to mobilize and empower marginalized groups and offer them symbolic strength (Herman, 1993;Marx, 1996).…”