Ring oscillators as thermal sensors in FPGAs: Experiments in low voltage

Franco, John J. Leon; Boemo, Eduardo; Castillo, Encarnación; Parrilla, Luis

doi:10.1109/spl.2010.5483027

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…With this type of threat along with potential heating impacts to changing power or physical handling of devices, protections based on thermal monitoring have been introduced. Thermal monitoring based on synthesized ring oscillator circuits have been proposed in [7] and [5]. The advantage to software synthesized embedded temperature monitoring as opposed to using standard physical thermal diodes is the fabric based sensors can be distributed within other synthesized circuits and cannot be physically bypassed.…”

Section: Intellectual Property Protection and Anti-tampermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous security applications have been transitioned into FPGA implementations to allow security applications to operate at real-time speeds, such as firewall and packet scanning uses on high speed networks without performance degradations [6,11,14,15]. FPGA security research exists into side-channel vulnerabilities and countermeasures [1,2,4], intellectual property protections [17,18,20,25], and anti-tamper applications [5,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Software Security and Randomization through Program Partitioning and Circuit Variation

Andel

Whitehurst

McDonald

2014

Proceedings of the First ACM Workshop on Moving Target Defense

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The commodity status of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) has allowed computationally intensive algorithms, such as cryptographic protocols, to take advantage of faster hardware speed while simultaneously leveraging the reconfigurability and lower cost of software. Numerous security applications have been transitioned into FPGA implementations allowing security applications to operate at real-time speeds, such as firewall and packet scanning on high speed networks. However, the utilization of FPGAs to directly secure software vulnerabilities is seemingly non-existent.Protecting program integrity and confidentiality is crucial as malicious attacks through injected code are becoming increasingly prevalent. This paper lays the foundation of continuing research in how to protect software by partitioning critical sections using reconfigurable hardware. This approach is similar to a traditional coprocessor approach to scheduling opcodes for execution on specialized hardware as opposed to running on the native processor. However, the partitioned program model enables the programmer the ability to split portions of an application to reconfigurable hardware at compile time. The fundamental underlying hypothesis is that synthesizing portions of programs onto hardware can mitigate potential software vulnerabilities. Further, this approach provides an avenue for randomization or diversity for software layout and circuit variation.

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Section: Intellectual Property Protection and Anti-tampermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Software Security and Randomization through Program Partitioning and Circuit Variation

Andel

Whitehurst

McDonald

2014

Proceedings of the First ACM Workshop on Moving Target Defense

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“…Thus the random measurement errors will naturally be much lower in absolute terms (MHz). Some have taken this to mean that accuracy improves as 1/n and that longer oscillators are strongly preferred ( Figure 6 in Franco et al [2010]). In fact, for an oscillator to be useful, the error must be small relative to the signal (i.e., frequency) being measured.…”

Section: Ring Oscillator Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-cost sensing with ring oscillator arrays for healthier reconfigurable systems

Zick

Hayes

2012

ACM Trans. Reconfigurable Technol. Syst.

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Electronic systems on a chip increasingly suffer from component variation, voltage noise, thermal hotspots, and other subtle physical phenomena. Systems with reconfigurability have unique opportunities for adapting to such effects. Required, however, are low-cost, fine-grained methods for sensing physical parameters. This article presents powerful, novel approaches to online sensing, including methods for designing compact reconfigurable sensors, low-cost threshold detection, and several enhanced measurement procedures. Together, the approaches help enable systems to autonomously uncover a wealth of physical information. A highly efficient counter and improved ring oscillator are introduced, enabling an entire sensor node in just 8 Virtex-5 LUTs. We describe how variations can be measured in delay, temperature, switching-induced IR drop, and leakage-induced IR drop. We demonstrate the proposed approach with an experimental system based on a Virtex-5, instrumented with over 100 sensors at an overhead of only 1.3%. Results from thermally controlled experiments provide some surprising insights and illustrate the utility of the approach. Online sensing can help open the door to physically adaptive computing, including fine-grained power, reliability, and health management schemes for systems on a chip. ACM Reference Format:Zick, K. M. and Hayes, J. P. 2012. Low-cost sensing with ring oscillator arrays for healthier reconfigurable systems.

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“…Since the circuit switching speed of an FPGA is correlated with its supply voltage V IN T , the oscillation frequency of a ring oscillator is affected by the supply voltage [15]. According to equation 6, we can therefore measure the FPGA's power consumption by tracking the oscillation frequencies of ring oscillators implemented inside the FPGA.…”

Section: A Power Monitormentioning

confidence: 99%

Constant power reconfigurable computing

Masle

Chow

Luk

2011

2011 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology

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Abstract-We present Constant Power Reconfigurable Computing, a general and device-independent framework based on a closed-loop control system used to keep the power consumption constant for any reconfigurable computing design targeting FPGA implementation. We develop an on-chip power consumer, an on-chip power monitor and a proportionalintegral-derivative controller with circuit primitives available in most commercial FPGAs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology on a square-and-multiply exponentiation circuit implemented on a Spartan-6 LX45 FPGA board. By reducing the peak autocorrelation values by a factor of 2.7 on average, the proposed Constant Power Reconfigurable Computing approach decreases the information leaked by the power consumption of this system with only 26% area overhead and 28% power overhead.

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Ring oscillators as thermal sensors in FPGAs: Experiments in low voltage

Cited by 42 publications

References 14 publications

Software Security and Randomization through Program Partitioning and Circuit Variation

Software Security and Randomization through Program Partitioning and Circuit Variation

Low-cost sensing with ring oscillator arrays for healthier reconfigurable systems

Constant power reconfigurable computing

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