Risk Assessment Methods for Automated Agricultural Machines: Current Practice and Future Needs

Shutske, John; Sandner, Kelly J; Jamieson, Zachary

doi:10.13031/aim.202201102

Cited by 3 publications

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“…With about more than 80% of autonomous agricultural machine being at the development phase (Olivera et al, 2021), this is a concern that needs to be addressed by industry. A recent survey found that only half of the 153 respondents working with autonomous agricultural machinery use ISO 12100:2012 (ISO, 2012) during the design, development, and testing of autonomous agricultural machinery (Shutske et al, 2022). This fact might provide support to the limitations of ISO 12100:2012 (ISO, 2012) in evaluating the risk of autonomous agricultural robotics.…”

Section: Answers Yesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to a recent study (Shutske et al, 2022), the International Organization for Standardization's (ISO) 12100:2012 (ISO, 2012) and 18497 (ISO, 2018) have been utilized to increase the safety of autonomous agricultural machinery. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine whether ISO 12100:2012 (ISO, 2012) and 18497 (ISO, 2018) standards can be applied to effectively ensure the safety of autonomous agricultural machinery.…”

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Safety Risk Assessment of an Autonomous Agricultural Machine

Aby,

Issa

et al. 2024

Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health

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Highlights The safety guidelines outlined in ISO 18497 are not sufficient to guarantee the safe operation of autonomous agricultural machines. Since the risk assessment techniques specified in ISO 12100:2012 require historical failure data of the machine at hand, they cannot be used to effectively mitigate the risk associated with autonomous agricultural machines where such data are not readily available. Analysis from the perspective of ergonomics can potentially increase the safety of autonomous agricultural machines. Abstract. The goal of this study was to analyze the safety implications of an autonomous agricultural machine (TerraPreta) using the standards ISO 18497 (ISO, 2018) and ISO 12100:2012 (ISO, 2012), as well as to investigate the ergonomics associated with the use of the autonomous agricultural machine. First, three engineers involved in the robot's manufacturing process were asked to evaluate the robot's functionalities compliance with the applicable safety standards and protective measures outlined in standard ISO 18497 (ISO, 2018). Second, while the robot was planting cover crop seeds, an attempt was made to identify and evaluate every risk connected to the robot using the risk assessment techniques outlined in ISO 12100:2012 (ISO, 2012). (1) Half (50%) of the functionalities of the autonomous agricultural machine complied with the safety requirements and protective measures described within the standard ISO 18497 (ISO, 2018). (2) The heavy reliance on past incident data of the risk assessment procedure described within the standard ISO 12100:2012 (ISO, 2012) makes it ineffective for new and revolutionary technologies such as autonomous agricultural machines where such data are not available. (3) Lifting a bag to fill the robot hopper with seeds was found to be a moderately hazardous activity associated with human-robot interaction. Multiple tentative solutions were provided to avoid this moderately hazardous activity. Keywords: Autonomous agricultural machine, Ergonomics, Machine safety, NIOSH lifting equation, Risk assessment, Standards.

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Section: Answers Yesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety Risk Assessment of an Autonomous Agricultural Machine

Aby,

Issa

et al. 2024

Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health

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“…for tractor was developed from a mechanical one to be electrically operated using a motor in order to avoid accidents for operators when connecting equipment manually (Prankl et al, 2011). The development of independent machines to perform various agricultural operations, from soil preparation to harvesting, requires the efforts of a few designers to replace traditional devices with electronic ones that can be monitored remotely using Internet applications, reducing agricultural accidents and raising operational safety rates (Shutske et al, 2022). The use of modern technology for agricultural machinery, such as robots and sensors, does not guarantee the safety of operators due to their ignorance of the sources of danger.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an electronic device for protection from agricultural machinery hazards

SHAWKY EL-SAYED,

EL-HASSANEİN ELKHAWAGA

2023

Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi

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Objective: The objective of this study was to develop an electronic device capable of being connected to agricultural machinery to protect operators from mechanical hazards. Material and Methods: The electronic device contains two electronic circuits for alarming and automatically shutting off. The device is equipped with a pair of passive infrared sensors with a daylight resistance to increase the devise sensitivity. The alarm circuit operates a siren that warns the operator when approaching dangerous objects such as rotors, knives, exposed gears, etc. The automatic disconnect circuit turns off the tractor's engine when the operator does not pay attention to the alarm. Four sensing distances of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.00 m were tested with three delay periods of 30, 60, and 90 s at two levels for the interstitial distances between the sensors of 150 and 200 mm. Results: The device was tested by simulating human hands to test the efficiency of the sensor response and the efficiency of the time delay. The addition of the day light resistance to the passive infrared sensor led to an increase in its response efficiency, from 90.67% to 95.83%. Conclusion: The developed electronic device can be attached to agricultural equipment to protect operators from operating risks.

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Agricultural Automation & Autonomy: Safety and Risk Assessment Must Be at the Forefront

Shutske

2022

Journal of Agromedicine

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Risk Assessment Methods for Automated Agricultural Machines: Current Practice and Future Needs

Cited by 3 publications

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Safety Risk Assessment of an Autonomous Agricultural Machine

Safety Risk Assessment of an Autonomous Agricultural Machine

Development of an electronic device for protection from agricultural machinery hazards

Agricultural Automation & Autonomy: Safety and Risk Assessment Must Be at the Forefront

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