Risk Factor Profile for Cardiovascular Diseases Among Farmhouse Residents in Vijayapura District, Karnataka: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background Cardiovascular illnesses are widely regarded as the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with 17.9 million deaths every year. Rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular illness are among the conditions relating to the heart and blood vessels together, known as cardiovascular diseases. The main behavioural risk factors for heart disease and stroke include poor diet, inactivity, tobacco use, and excessive alcohol consumption. In contrast, one of the significant environmental risk factors is air pollution. People may experience high blood pressure and high blood sugar due to obesity and overweight as risk factors. Objectives This study aims to find the risk factor profile for cardiovascular diseases among the farmhouse residents of the Vijayapura district, India. Materials and methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with the farmhouse inhabitants of the Vijayapura district. Using a prestructured proforma that included details on the sociodemographic profile and risk factors of the farmhouse dwellers, 450 sample participants were questioned. Five families within a chosen primary sampling unit (PSU) were chosen randomly from a pool of PSUs that were picked using a probability proportional to size sampling technique. All characteristics were summarized descriptively. Results The study included 450 participants, 50.9% males and 49.1% females. The age range of 21.4% of the male participants was between 41 and 50, whereas 21.7% of the female participants belonged to the 41 to 50 age group. The study showed a proportion of them had the habit of alcohol consumption (5.8%), chewing tobacco (2%), and smoking (1.6%). Compared to female participants (1.3% vs. 1.3%), the majority of male individuals (4.8% vs. 7%) had hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Conclusion The findings of the current research indicated that the majority of farm inhabitants in the rural Vijayapura district were illiterate, belonged to a lower socioeconomic class, and had intermediate and behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular illnesses.