Risk Factors and Their Relation to Initiation of Alcohol Use among Early Adolescents

Externalizing spectrum or spectra? Underlying dimensions of the externalizing spectrum

“…Higher severity of impulsivity, sensation seeking and hostility in AD subjects are concordant with the existing literature (Caces et al, 2008;Bjork et al, 2004;Lawrence et al, 2009;Fein et al, 2010;Webb et al, 1991;Ziherl et al, 2007). Similarly, presence of greater oppositional defiant, conduct, and antisocial behaviour is also quite expected (Hesselbrock et al, 1999(Hesselbrock et al, , 2003Slutske et al, 1998;Kessler et al, 1997).…”

Adolescent alcohol initiation: A review of psychosocial risk factors

“…There are thus only a few studies relevant to gender, age, racial/ethnic background, and socioeconomic status as potential risk factors for starting to drink. For example, only four studies have examined gender as a potential risk factor [41][42][43][44]. Contrary to general expectation, gender is not predictive of the initiation of drinking: only one of the four studies found that 12-14-year-old males were significantly more likely than females to start drinking over the 2-year interval studied [41].…”

“…More general indicators of psychosocial unconventionality were also associated with starting to drink. These include more tolerant attitudes toward deviant behavior [46,50,59], lower levels of religiosity [44,50], less of an orientation to hard work [46], greater rebelliousness [46], and greater rejection of parental authority [44].…”

Affective and Personality Risk and Cognitive Mediators of Initial Adolescent Alcohol Use

“…Many investigators have examined external infl uences on alcoholuse initiation, such as peer use (Curran et al, 1997;Jackson, 1997) and alcohol availability (Komro et al, 2007). However, there is considerable need to examine the infl uence of individual characteristics on alcohol initiation, specifi cally personality-based (McGue et al, 2001;Webb et al, 1991), affective (Crum et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2008), and cognitive factors (Fisher et al, 2007;Meier et al, 2007). Stable personal characteristics may infl uence ways that environmental cues are interpreted and used in adolescent decision making regarding drinking (Brown, 2001;Coie and Dodge, 1998).…”