Risk Factors Associated With Hip Fractures among Adult People in Babylon City, Iraq

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The fractures of hip joint considered as a serious problem in public health in the medical and socioeconomic issues, the incidence of the fracture neck femur is significantly increased with the increment of general population life span.
 AIM: The goal of this study is to highlight and focus on the most important risk factor for the hip fractures in our Babylon society, and to improve our understanding of the medical and social aspects of these predisposing factors.
 PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case-control study of older adults (above 60 years old). The study was done on tow samples. First, one consisting of 75 cases those having fracture neck femur considered as cases, and second sample as a control group, consisting of 150 people as a healthy control group having no fracture. A pre-tested questionnaire was prepared to collect data from both samples; the questionnaire included demographic data and information about potential risk factors of hip fracture.
 RESULTS: Most of the people in the study samples in both groups were, married women, housekeepers, illiterate and from urban dwellers. There was highly significant association between case-control groups regarding, Continuous using of medication such as cortisone which was found to be a potential risk factor of hip fracture (Unadjusted OR = 3.636), low income was positively associated risk factor of hip fracture in this study (OR = 2.377), low milk intake, low sun exposure, tobacco smoking were positively associated with this health problem (OR = 1.794), while physical exercise was protective factor (OR = 0.489).
 CONCLUSION: The highest risk factors associated with increased occurrence of hip fracture were using cortisone, Osteoporosis, tobacco smoking, consuming soft drinks, and less exposure to sunlight.

Proportion of Hidden Vertebral Fractures Among Egyptian Males With Fragility Hip Fractures in the Emergency Room of Ain Shams University Hospitals

“…This goes against other studies that considered smoking a greater risk factor for hip fracture [ 28 , 29 ]. However, our results were consistent with those of Al-Algawy et al in Iraq, who found that 61.3% of their cases were nonsmokers [ 18 ].…”

“…In this study the mean age for the study sample was 74.32 (SD 10.8), making age a highly significant risk factor for fragility hip fractures. This accords with other studies evidencing increasing age as a major risk factor for non-pathological fragile fractures, such as Al-Algawy et al in 2019, who discovered that older people made up the majority of the group studied -age group of 70-79 [18].…”

“…Our findings are in accord, as some of these co-morbid conditions were prevalent in our study sample [diabetes (60.6%), hypertension (54.5%), cerebrovascular stroke (47.7%), and chronic liver diseases (47.7%)]. This was confirmed again by Al-Algawy et al [ 18 ], who discovered a strong correlation between these medical conditions and older people's elevated risk for hip fractures. Additionally, our results align with those of other investigators like Ribeiro et al in south Brazil, and that of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare in 2010 [ 25 - 27 ].…”

Femur fractures; its associated factors, and treatment outcomes at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda. A retrospective review of Hospital records in 2022.

“…It is known that alcohol impairs judgment and stability, which can easily make an individual predispose self to road tra c accidents. Trauma and femur fracture in our study population are consistent with a study conducted in Babylon City, which notes that besides age and osteoporosis, other possible risk factors were cigarette smoking, lack of physical activity, medications that cause osteoporosis, disturbed mentation, consumption of excessive alcohol and caffeine, low body weight with tall stature, visual problems, generalized weakness, disability, or unsteady gait that increased risk for falls 35 .…”

Hand grip strength as a functional predictor after hip fracture surgery in Egyptian older adults

“…age group and Alpantaki et al (2020) who confirmed that the incidence of hip fractures was higher in the "older" elderly than the "younger" one[16,17].…”