Risk factors associated with lumpy skin disease in cattle in West Kazakhstan

Issimov, Arman; Kushaliyev, Kaissar; Abekeshev, Nurzhan; Molla, Wassie; Rametov, Nurkuisa; Bayantassova, Svetlana; Zhanabayev, Assylbek; Paritova, Assel; Shalmenov, Malik; Ussenbayev, Altay; Kemeshov, Zhomart; White, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105660

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This scenario was comparable to the findings of an Albanian study, which showed that if the distances between herds are short (<5 km), vector-borne contribute to the majority of LSD transmission ( 38 ). Our results are also consistent with those of a recent study conducted in Kazakhstan, which indicates that, in the absence of active animal movement, insect vectors may play a significant role in the spread of the LSD virus among cattle herds ( 39 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Spatio-temporal patterns of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in dairy farms in northeastern Thailand

et al. 2022

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In 2021–2022, there were numerous outbreaks of lumpy skin disease (LSD) affecting cattle farms across Thailand. This circumstance was the country's first encounter with an LSD outbreak. Thus, a better understanding of LSD epidemiology is necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the spatio-temporal patterns of the LSD outbreaks in dairy farming areas. Data from LSD outbreak investigations collected from dairy farms in Khon Kean province, northeastern Thailand, were analyzed using spatio-temporal models including space-time permutation, Poisson, and Bernoulli models. LSD outbreaks were found in 133 out of 152 dairy farms from May to July, 2021. The majority of dairy farms (n = 102) were affected by the LSD outbreaks in June. The overall herd attack, morbidity and mortality rates were 87, 31, and 0.9%, respectively. According to the results of all models, the most likely clusters were found in the northern part of the study area. The space-time permutation and Poisson model identified 15 and 6 spatio-temporal outbreak clusters, respectively, while the Bernoulli model detected only one cluster. The most likely clusters from those models cover radii of 1.59, 4.51, and 4.44 km, respectively. All farms included in the cluster identified by the space-time permutation model were also included in the cluster identified by the Poisson model, implying that both models detected the same outbreak area. Furthermore, the study results suggested that farmers who own farms within a one km radius of the LSD outbreak farm should be advised to implement more stringent insect vector control measures to prevent disease spread. This study provides better insights into the spatio-temporal pattern of clusters of LSD in the outbreak area. The findings of this study can support authorities in formulating strategies to prevent and control future outbreaks as well as prioritizing resource allocation to high-risk areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Spatio-temporal patterns of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in dairy farms in northeastern Thailand

et al. 2022

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“…Farm level risk factors were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models in ten studies [ 38 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Table 7 summarizes the odds ratio (OR) obtained from such models.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LSD positivity (i.e., outcome variable) was determined through blood sampling or clinical signs. There were different reported risk factors, being the three main reported risk factors (i.e., higher odds of presenting LSD): female cattle [ 41 , 42 , 46 , 47 ], animal movements (introduction of new cattle and sales) [ 40 , 43 , 44 , 45 ] and communal watering/grazing systems [ 40 , 42 , 43 , 45 ]. Other identified risk factors were genus and breeds (local breeds and buffaloes less likely to present LSD clinical signs) [ 38 , 40 , 47 ], and contact with other animals (sheep, goats, buffalo) [ 40 , 42 , 48 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lumpy Skin Disease: A Systematic Review of Mode of Transmission, Risk of Emergence and Risk Entry Pathway

Bianchini

Simons

Humblet

et al. 2023

Viruses

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The spread of lumpy skin disease (LSD) to free countries over the last 10 years, particularly countries in Europe, Central and South East Asia, has highlighted the threat of emergence in new areas or re-emergence in countries that achieved eradication. This review aimed to identify studies on LSD epidemiology. A focus was made on hosts, modes of transmission and spread, risks of outbreaks and emergence in new areas. In order to summarize the research progress regarding the epidemiological characteristics of LSD virus over the last 40 years, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines were followed, via two databases, i.e., PubMed (biomedical literature) and Scopus (peer-reviewed literature including scientific journals, books, and conference proceedings). A total of 86 scientific articles were considered and classified according to the type of epidemiological study, i.e., experimental versus observational. The main findings and limitations of the retrieved articles were summarized: buffaloes are the main non-cattle hosts, the main transmission mode is mechanical, i.e., via blood-sucking vectors, and stable flies are the most competent vectors. Vectors are mainly responsible for a short-distance spread, while cattle trade spread the virus over long distances. Furthermore, vaccine-recombinant strains have emerged. In conclusion, controlling animal trade and insects in animal transport trucks are the most appropriate measures to limit or prevent LSD (re)emergence.

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“…In Kazakhstan, rearing livestock is the primary source of income and economic asset among smallholder farms (Orynbayev et al., 2021 ). A recent study reported that smallholder farmers in Kazakhstan practised basic management systems and possess poor knowledge of animal disease risks and biosafety (Issimov et al., 2022 ). A previous study demonstrated a stable seasonal pattern of FMD outbreaks built on the basis of annual data collected between 1955 and 2013 (Abdrakhmanov et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of smallholder farmers on foot‐and‐mouth disease in Cattle in West Kazakhstan

Bayantassova

Kushaliyev

Zhubantayev

et al. 2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background: This study was performed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) of farmers and veterinary professionals towards foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the area studied. Methods:The study was based on a comprehensive questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews. Between January and May 2022, 543 households and 27 animal health practitioners (AHP) were visited in 4 provinces of the West Kazakhstan region to assess their KAPs towards FMD.Results: A large proportion of herd owners (84%) had known the name of the disease, and nearly a half (48) of respondents had heard of FMD cases on farms in the neighbourhood. Oral mucosa lesions were the most consistent with clinical sign characteristic of FMD among farmers (31.4%), followed by hoof blisters (27.6%) and excessive salivation (18.6%). Farmers reported that new animal introduction was potentially the main factor associated with FMD occurrence in their herds. Over half of farmers (54%) interviewed prefer not to purchase livestock from unknown or potentially epidemiologically disadvantaged areas. 27) reported that in their zone of veterinary responsibilities, vaccination against FMD is not practised because the area investigated possesses FMD-free status. However, in the past few years, numerous FMD outbreaks have been detected throughout the region. For this reason, immediate actions need to be taken to prevent further FMD occurrences by giving the region a status of an FMD-free zone with vaccination. The current study demonstrated that inadequate quarantine controls of imported animals, absence of regular vaccination and unrestricted animal movement Conclusion: All AHPs (This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Risk factors associated with lumpy skin disease in cattle in West Kazakhstan

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Spatio-temporal patterns of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in dairy farms in northeastern Thailand

Spatio-temporal patterns of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in dairy farms in northeastern Thailand

Lumpy Skin Disease: A Systematic Review of Mode of Transmission, Risk of Emergence and Risk Entry Pathway

Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of smallholder farmers on foot‐and‐mouth disease in Cattle in West Kazakhstan

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