Risk factors associated with the prevalence of thyroid nodules in adults in Northeast China: a cross-sectional population-based study

Yan, Yudie; Dong, Junhe; Li, Shufeng; Yang, Guochun; Huang, Kunbo; Tian, Wen; Su, Jingtong; Zhang, Zhen

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069390

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

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“…A study conducted in the Japanese military population from 1990 to 2012 found a significant increase in the prevalence of thyroid nodules in young men when compared to middle-aged men, but not vice versa. A thyroid nodule in some cases can transform into malignancy although the frequency is relatively low at around 5%-10% (Yan et al, 2023a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Thyroid Nodules: Prevalence, Size, and Associated Complications: A Literature Review

Wahidah,

Kurniasari,

Susanto

2023

IJRP

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Background: Thyroid nodules are an endocrine neoplasia that is generally benign. The incidence of thyroid nodules increases with age and is more common in women. The unique anatomical location of the thyroid gland, which is superficial, can easily be detected either through physical examination or by using various diagnostic media. The prevalence of thyroid nodules increases with age, exposure to ionizing radiation and iodine deficiency. Functional thyroid nodules can result in hyperthyroidism such as sweating, palpitations, and impaired glucose tolerance. Cystic thyroid nodules can sometimes cause thyroid pain, which may indicate sudden bleeding or hemorrhagic infarction. Method: The research design used in this study is to use the Literature review method. This technique is carried out with the aim of expressing various theories that are relevant to the problem being faced or being researched as reference material in the discussion of research results. Results: Research results from the review of articles show that increasing the size of thyroid nodules has a nonlinear impact on cancer risk. The threshold was detected at 2 cm, and extension beyond 2 cm did not affect the risk of cancer. However, the risk of follicular carcinoma and other rare thyroid malignancies increases as the nodule enlarges. In malignant thyroid nodules, this technique has a longer surgical duration and does not differ in terms of complications in the form of laryngeal nerve injury, hypoparathyroidism with open thyroidectomy. Endoscopic thyroidectomy can be an option in managing low-risk thyroid carcinoma patients. Conclusion: Thyroid nodules are more common in women than men and occur mostly in the age group 41 -50 years. In this study, there were more cases of malignant thyroid nodules than benign thyroid nodules.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Thyroid Nodules: Prevalence, Size, and Associated Complications: A Literature Review

Wahidah,

Kurniasari,

Susanto

2023

IJRP

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Thyroid nodules: diagnosis and management

Grani,

Sponziello,

Filetti

et al. 2024

Nat Rev Endocrinol

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Causal relationship between gut microbiota and thyroid nodules: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Yan,

He,

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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ObjectiveEmerging evidence suggests alterations in gut microbiota (GM) composition following thyroid nodules (TNs) development, yet the causal relationship remains unclear. Utilizing Mendelian Randomization (MR), this study aims to elucidate the causal dynamics between GM and TNs.MethodsEmploying summary statistics from the MiBioGen consortium (n=18,340) and FinnGen consortium (1,634 TNs cases, 263,704 controls), we conducted univariable and multivariable MR analyses to explore the GM-TNs association. Techniques including inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO were utilized for causal inference. Instrumental variable heterogeneity was assessed through Cochran’s Q statistic and leave-one-out analysis. Reverse MR was applied for taxa showing significant forward MR associations, with multivariate adjustments for confounders.ResultsOur findings suggest that certain microbiota, identified as Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group (OR, 1.89; 95%CI, 0.47-7.64; p = 0.040), Senegalimassilia (OR, 1.72; 95%CI, 1.03-2.87; p =0.037), Lachnospiraceae (OR,0.64; 95%CI,0.41-0.99; p =0.045), exhibit a protective influence against TNs’ development, indicated by negative causal associations. In contrast, microbiota categorized as Desulfovibrionales (OR, 0.63; 95%CI, 0.41-0.95; p =0.028), Prevotella_7 (OR, 0.79; 95%CI, 0.63-1.00; p =0.049), Faecalibacterium (OR, 0.66; 95%CI, 0.44-1.00; p =0.050), Desulfovibrionaceae (OR, 0.55; 95%CI, 0.35-0.86; p =0.008), Deltaproteobacteria (OR, 0.65; 95%CI, 0.43-0.97; p =0.036) are have a positive correlation with with TNs, suggesting they may serve as risk factors. Reverse MR analyses did not establish significant causal links. After comprehensive adjustment for confounders, taxa Desulfovibrionales (Order), Desulfovibrionaceae (Family), Deltaproteobacteria (Class) remain implicated as potential contributors to TNs’ risk.DiscussionThis study substantiates a significant causal link between GM composition and TNs development, underscoring the thyroid-gut axis’s relevance. The findings advocate for the integration of GM profiles in TNs’ prevention and management, offering a foundation for future research in this domain.

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Risk factors associated with the prevalence of thyroid nodules in adults in Northeast China: a cross-sectional population-based study

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Characteristics of Thyroid Nodules: Prevalence, Size, and Associated Complications: A Literature Review

Characteristics of Thyroid Nodules: Prevalence, Size, and Associated Complications: A Literature Review

Thyroid nodules: diagnosis and management

Causal relationship between gut microbiota and thyroid nodules: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

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