“…First, for age group, we categorized the studies to include only pediatric population and the other for adult patients. Pooled MD among adult group (Baker et al, 2007;Armenian et al, 2012) was 2.09, 95% CI 0.95-4.61, I 2 =71.7% while for the pediatric group (Taskinen et al, 2000;Hoffmeister et al, 2004;Neville et al, 2006;Oudin et al, 2011;Michael et al, 2013;Hirabayashi et al, 2014;Oudin et al, 2015;Nakagawa et al, 2018;Shalitin et al, 2018), the pooled MD was 8.43, 95% CI 5.51-12.91, cross-sectional study design has limitations to accurately diagnose DM/IGM after patients received TBI as the diagnosis is based on a single timeframe rather than a prolonged period of follow-up time in cohort studies. The association remained statistically significant after exclusion of two cross-sectional studies.…”