Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among homeless adults

Nyamathi, Adeline; Dixon, Elizabeth; Robbins, Wendie A.; Smith, C I; Wiley, Dorothy J.; Leake, Barbara; Longshore, Douglas; Gelberg, Lillian

doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.10415.x

Cited by 113 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We found 28 published reports that met our criteria (Allwright et al, 2000;Baozhang et al, 1997;Broers et al, 1998;Chang et al, 1999;Denis et al, 2000;Feldman et al, 2000;Fuller et al, 2004;Galperim et al, 2004;Garten et al, 2004;Gyarmathy et al, 2002;Harsch et al, 2000;Hershow et al, 1998;Howe et al, 2005;Koblin et al, 2003;Lai et al, 2001;Maayan et al, 1994;Mathei et al, 2005;Njoh et al, 1997;Nyamathi et al, 2002;Quaglio et al 2003a;Quaglio et al 2003b;Santana Rodriguez et al, 1998;Shrestha et al, 1998;Strasfeld et al, 2003;Tortu et al, 2001;Tortu et al, 2004;Van Ameijden et al, 1993;Ward et al, 2000). One report included two separate studies, both of which were included (Tortu et al, 2001) and which appear in Table 1 in two separate rows; two reports were by the same author and indicated the same overall seroprevalence and sample size, therefore we counted this as one study (Quaglio et al 2003a(Quaglio et al & 2003b.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Non-injection drug use and Hepatitis C Virus: A systematic review

Scheinmann

Hagan

Leluţiu-Weinberger

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

170

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This systematic review examined the evidence on the prevalence of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in non-injecting drug users (NIDUs) who sniff, smoke or snort drugs such as heroin, cocaine, crack or methamphetamine. The search included studies published from January 1989 to January 2006. Twenty-eight eligible studies were identified and the prevalence of HCV in these NIDU populations ranged from 2.3% to 35.3%. There was substantial variation in study focus and in the quality of the NIDU data presented in the studies. The results of our systematic review suggested that there are important gaps in the research of HCV in NIDUs. We identified a problem of study focus; much of the research did not aim to study HCV in users of non-injection drugs. Instead, NIDUs were typically included as a secondary research concern, with a principal focus on the problem of transmission of HCV in IDU populations. Despite methodological issues, HCV prevalence in this population is much higher than in a non-drug using population, even though some IDUs might have inadvertently been included in the NIDU samples. These studies point to a real problem of HCV in NIDU populations, but the causal pathway to infection remains unclear.

show abstract

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Non-injection drug use and Hepatitis C Virus: A systematic review

Scheinmann

Hagan

Leluţiu-Weinberger

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

170

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Different cutoffs and analysis methods did not allow us to pool data in metaanalysis. Only one study adjusted for confounders and did not find having more than three sex partners in the last six months to be a significant risk factor 26 . Similarly, the other five studies did not find a positive association.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The majority of studies included sample populations from specific groups: one study examined risk factors in a sample of blood donors 24 , one involved pregnant women attending antenatal services 25 , one in homeless people 26 , one in non-PWIDs 27 , one in nurses 28 , and one in a sample of different risk groups 29 . Full details of the characteristics of the included studies are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four studies did not adjust for confounders and were therefore judged as high ROB for this domain. Nyamathi et al 26 adjusted for confounders but did not include some important confounders such as a history of tattooing and was judged as moderate ROB. The remaining three studies were judged low ROB.…”

Section: Risk Of Bias Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four studies did not conduct multivariable analysis to adjust for confounders and hence were rated as high ROB for statistical analysis. Nyamathi et al 26 adjusted for some confounders (gender, age, age started living on their own, daily alcohol use) but not all important ones (e.g. tattooing/body piercing) were included in the model; hence this study was rated as moderate ROB.…”

Section: Risk Of Bias Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sexual transmission of Hepatitis C Virus infection in a heterosexual population: A systematic review

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important cause of liver Background: disease worldwide. Identification of risk factors can guide screening and prevention. Sexual transmission in monogamous heterosexual relationships is rare but it is uncertain which sexual behaviours are linked to HCV transmission. This review aimed to determine risk factors for sexual HCV transmission in heterosexuals in low HCV prevalence countries (PROSPERO registration ). CRD42016051099We searched Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index-Expanded, Methods: Social Sciences Citation index, Conference proceedings (Web of Science), CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, PubMed, and grey literature (04/11/2016). We included studies published in/after the year 2000 that examined sexual risk factors for HCV infection, other than interspousal transmission, in heterosexual adults (≥18 years). We excluded prisoners, people who inject drugs (PWIDs), people co-infected with HIV or from high prevalence countries. Two reviewers completed study selection, data extraction, risk of bias and quality of evidence assessment (GRADE) independently. Meta-analysis could not be conducted.Eight studies were included, examining seven factors (multiple sex Results: partners, receiving/providing sex commercially, PWID partner, and unprotected vaginal, oral, anal sex). None were significant, except the evidence for the factor having a PWID partner was conflicting.We are uncertain about the results due to the very low quality of Conclusions: evidence (GRADE). A more liberal approach to review inclusion criteria might be useful in further identifying factors associated with an increased risk of sexual transmission of HCV infection in a heterosexual population. However, caution should be applied to avoid the impact of confounders on the findings.

show abstract

Prevalence of HCV Infection Among People Experiencing Homelessness in Madrid, Spain

Ryan,

Valencia,

Sepúlveda-Crespo

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ImportanceHepatitis C virus (HCV) microelimination aims to detect and treat hidden infections, especially in at-risk groups, like people experiencing homelessness (PEH) with alcohol or drug use disorders. Point-of-care HCV RNA testing and peer support workers are crucial for identifying and preventing HCV infection among marginalized populations, contributing to overall elimination goals.ObjectiveTo assess risk factors, prevalence, and trends of active HCV infection among PEH in Madrid, Spain (2019-2023).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study was conducted between 2019 and 2023 in PEH, defined as people who lacked a fixed, regular, and adequate night residence, screened on the street or in homeless shelters via mobile unit using rapid HCV antibody testing, followed by HCV-RNA testing in Madrid, Spain. Data were analyzed from January to June 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresActive HCV infection among PEH was the main outcome. Risk factors analyzed included being born outside of Spain, alcohol misuse, lacking financial income, benzodiazepine use, injection drug use (IDU; including nonactive IDU and active IDU within the last year), opioid substitution therapy participation, and sexual behavior patterns. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. P values were adjusted for multiple testing using the false discovery rate (q-values).ResultsA total of 4741 individuals were screened for HCV infection, of whom 2709 (mean [SD] age, 42.2 [12.7]; 1953 [72.2%] men) were PEH and included in analysis. A total of 363 PEH (13.4%) had test results positive for HCV antibodies, of whom 172 (47.4%) had test results positive for HCV-RNA, and 148 of these (91.9%) started HCV treatment. Overall, active HCV infection prevalence was 6.3%, and the main risk factors associated with active HCV infection included IDU, encompassing both nonactive IDU (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 10.9; 95% CI, 6.1-19.4; q &lt; .001) and active IDU in the last year (aOR, 27.0; 95% CI, 15.2-48.0; q &lt; .001); a lack of financial income (aOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.9; q = .03); and alcohol misuse (aOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.6; q = .008). There was a significant decrease between 2019 and 2023 in active HCV infection prevalence across the entire population, from 7.2% to 3.4% (P = .04).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of PEH in Madrid, IDU, lack of income, and alcohol misuse were primary risk factors associated with HCV infection. The significant decline in HCV rates observed across all risk groups during the study period suggests preventive policies were effective in reducing HCV prevalence among the homeless population.

show abstract

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among homeless adults

Cited by 113 publications

References 29 publications

Non-injection drug use and Hepatitis C Virus: A systematic review

Non-injection drug use and Hepatitis C Virus: A systematic review

Sexual transmission of Hepatitis C Virus infection in a heterosexual population: A systematic review

Prevalence of HCV Infection Among People Experiencing Homelessness in Madrid, Spain

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About