Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective To investigate the potential factors affecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization and infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods A systematic search of publications listed in electronic from inception up to August 2020 was conducted. A random-effects model was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 31 studies reporting 1410 MRSA events in 17 427 patients with HIV infection were included. Previous hospitalization (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.37, 2.36), previous antibiotic therapy (OR 2.69; 95% CI 2.09, 3.45), CD4+ count (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.41, 2.28), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classification of stage C (OR 2.66; 95% CI 1.80, 3.93), skin lesions (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.15, 3.55), intravenous device use (OR 2.61; 95% CI 1.59, 4.29) and an MRSA colonization history (OR 6.30; 95% CI 2.50, 15.90) were significantly associated with an increased risk of MRSA colonization and infection. Antiretroviral therapy (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.50, 0.99) and current antibiotic use (OR 0.13; 95% CI 0.05, 0.32) were significantly associated with a reduced risk of MRSA colonization and infection. Conclusion MRSA colonization and infection in HIV-infected patients is associated with a number of risk factors.

Nasal carriage of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among children living with HIV attending Infectious Diseases Clinics in Kano, Nigeria

“…This study suggested that hospitalisation within the previous year was an independent risk factor for MRSA colonisation. This finding is consistent with other reports about people living with HIV [ 25 , 27 , 28 ] and it may suggest that MRSA was hospital-acquired. Hospitals are known sources of MRSA and nasal colonisation with S. aureus is known to persist in a subset of individuals [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Risk factors for antibiotic-resistant bacteria colonisation in children with chronic complex conditions

“…In our study, S. aureus colonisation was associated with technology dependency. Other authors have reported higher rates of S. aureus colonization in tracheostomized children 30 , or in patients with percutaneous gastrostomy 31 In the same way, tracheostomy, nasoenteric or gastrostomy tube, or the use of intravenous devices have been reported as risk factors for MRSA acquisition 32 – 35 . Therefore, invasive devices might favor colonization via bacterial biofilm formation.…”

A review of horses as a source of spreading livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to human health

“…LA-MRSA infection and colonization is a serious condition that can occur in horses as well as in humans. The risk factors reported in cases of MRSA infection and colonization in humans were history of antibiotic administration, contact with hospital staff, history of previous hospitalization, and hospital overcrowding [57,[98][99][100][101]. Meanwhile, the reported risk factors for LA-MRSA infection and colonization in horses have not been adequately evaluated [102].…”