Risk factors for methicillin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>(MRSA) infection in dogs and cats: a case-control study

Magalhães, Ricardo J. Soares; Loeffler, Anette; Lindsay, Jodi A.; Rich, Mick; Roberts, Larry; Smith, H. Williams.; Lloyd, D. H.; Pfeiffer, Dirk U.

doi:10.1051/vetres/2010028

Cited by 92 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Accordingly, the higher level of resistance to all antimicrobial agents amongst RVC isolates was not unexpected. Antimicrobial use has previously been shown to be the main driver for resistance in staphylococci isolated from pets (Holm and others 2002, Soares-Magalhães and others 2010, Weese and others 2012). Selection pressure from antimicrobial therapy is higher in isolates from animals referred to veterinary hospitals; in a recent North American study, referred dogs were 2.4 times more likely to have received antimicrobial therapy during the preceding 30 days than those admitted without referral (Baker and others 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates ofStaphylococcus intermediusgroup bacteria and emergence of MRSP in the UK

et al. 2015

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Frequencies of antimicrobial resistance were determined amongst 14,555 clinical Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) isolates from UK dogs and cats to estimate resistance trends and quantify the occurrence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP). Reports from two diagnostic laboratories (13,313 general submissions, 1242 referral centre only submissions) were analysed retrospectively (2003/2006-2012). MRSP were defined by phenotypic resistance to meticillin and concurrent broad β-lactam resistance; a subset was confirmed genetically (SIG-specific nuc and mecA). Trends were analysed by Cochran-Armitage test. Resistance remained below 10 per cent for cefalexin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and the fluoroquinolones. Increasing resistance trends were seen in both laboratories for ampicillin/amoxicillin (both P<0.001), cefovecin (both P<0.046) and enrofloxacin (both P<0.02). Resistance to cefalexin increased over time in referral hospital isolates (P<0.001) to clindamycin (P=0.01) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (P=0.001) amongst general laboratory submissions. Overall, 106 MRSP were isolated (0.7 per cent of submissions) including 32 (2.6 per cent of submissions, all genetically confirmed) from the referral centre population (inter-laboratory difference P<0.001). Against a background of widely susceptible SIG isolates, a new trend of increasing resistance to important antimicrobials was identified overtime and the emergence of MRSP from UK clinical cases was confirmed. Attention to responsible use of antibacterial therapy in small animal practice is urgently needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates ofStaphylococcus intermediusgroup bacteria and emergence of MRSP in the UK

et al. 2015

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“…The transfer of MRS between humans and animals has the potential to have a great public health impact (Cuny et al., 2010). It has been demonstrated that the studied samples from dogs and cats are much like those associated with hospital human strains (Magalhães et al., 2010). Therefore, the high occurrence of MRS (14.1% of the isolates) in the oral cavity of healthy cats is noteworthy and may represent a serious hazard to the public health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating Animal Bites: Susceptibility of Staphylococci from Oral Mucosa of Cats

Muniz

Penna

Lilenbaum

2012

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Infected wounds determined by cats' bites represent high costs to public health, and their adequate treatment relies on the knowledge of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial agents found in the oral microbiota. Members of the genus Staphylococcus sp. belong to the microbiota of the oral mucosa of cats and are frequently involved in secondary infections of these wounds. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus species isolated from oral mucosa of cats. Samples were collected from 200 clinically healthy cats and processed by standard bacteriological methods and tested for susceptibility to a panel of 16 antimicrobials. A total of 212 staphylococci isolates were obtained from 141 of the 200 cats (70.5%), and more than one colony was recognized in 53 cases. Coagulase-negative species were most frequently found (89.6%) distributed among Staphylococcus xylosus (50.9%), Staphylococcus felis (27.4%), Staphylococcus simulans (6.1%) and Staphylococcus sciuri (5.2%). Coagulase-positive species (10.4%) were distributed among Staphylococcus aureus (4.7%) and Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) (5.7%). Regarding to antimicrobial resistance, 178 isolates (83.9%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and rifampicin showed the best results with 100% of sensitive strains. Conversely, high rates of resistance were observed for penicillin and tetracycline (56.1%). The 212 staphylococci isolates and 30 (14.1%) strains were resistant to methicillin (on the disc susceptibility test) and may be preliminarily considered as methicilin-resistant staphylococci. In conclusion, this study reports important rates of antimicrobial resistance among the species of Staphylococcus isolated from clinical specimens of cats, which must be considered for the treating of cats' bites in humans.

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“…Although S. aureus, including MRSA, is not the most common staphylococcal species isolated from dogs (Duquette and Nuttall 2004), in the last 5 years the number of reports of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA-associated infections in dogs has grown rapidly (Abbott et al 2010, Aklilu et al 2010, Loeffler et al 2011. Several studies have reported risk factors associated with MSSA/ MRSA infections in dogs, including the previous use of antibiotics (Faires et al 2010), use of b-lactams or fluoroquinolones (Faires et al 2010), previous hospitalization (Soares Magalhã es et al 2010), surgical treatment (Tomlin et al 1999), and previous intravenous catheterization (Faires et al 2010). However, these studies were mainly focused on clinical cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Profiling of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus-Positive Dogs Arriving at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital

Hoet

Balen

Nava-Hoet

et al. 2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as an important zoonotic and nosocomial pathogen in veterinary settings. Even though human risk factors for MRSA infection and colonization are well known, this information in animals is lacking. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with MRSA carrier dogs on their arrival at a veterinary teaching hospital. A total of 435 dogs were enrolled in the MRSA active surveillance program at The Ohio State University-Veterinary Medical Center over a 1-year period. Dogs were screened for MRSA on arrival, regardless of health status, sex, breed, or age. In addition, an epidemiological survey and medical history were obtained for each dog to identify potential risk factors up to 1 year prior to the appointment. Of 435 dogs included in the study, 25 (5.7%) were MRSA positive, with 86.5% of the isolates classified staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec) type II and USA100. Four of the 25 MRSA carrier dogs were healthy, 20 had health issues unrelated to MRSA, and 1 had an active MRSA infection. MRSA was detected in the nares (72%, 18/25), skin lesions (24%, 6/25), and the perianal area (16%, 4/25). Except for previous surgery <90 days (odds ratio [OR]=4.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-17.6; p value 0.01), none of the variables related to the previous medical history, dog's management, home environment, and other potential exposures were associated with the MRSA carrier status. However, the profession of the owner was significantly associated, and dogs owned by veterinary students were 20.5 times (95% CI 4.5-93.6; p value≤0.01) more likely to be MRSA positive than dogs owned by clients with different occupations. MRSA-positive dogs were dispersed in different categories, preventing the creation of an epidemiological profile that would allow their early recognition upon arrival to a veterinary hospital. However, the association between veterinary students with MRSA-positive dogs is a concern that deserves further evaluation.

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Risk factors for methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection in dogs and cats: a case-control study

Cited by 92 publications

References 48 publications

Increasing antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates ofStaphylococcus intermediusgroup bacteria and emergence of MRSP in the UK

Increasing antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates ofStaphylococcus intermediusgroup bacteria and emergence of MRSP in the UK

Treating Animal Bites: Susceptibility of Staphylococci from Oral Mucosa of Cats

Epidemiological Profiling of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus-Positive Dogs Arriving at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital

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