Risk Factors for Mortality Among Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Patients : Literature Review

Abstract

Background: Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (UGIB) is a serious issue with a high frequency contributing to emergency service incidents and has the potential to be fatal if not properly addressed. Although the management of UGIB has progressed towards improvement, mortality rates have tended to remain within the range of 2% to 15% over several decades. It is known that most deaths in UGIB patients are not a direct result of the bleeding itself but rather associated with other factors. Objective: To identify the risk factors for mortality in UGIB patients. Method: This research involves a literature review in which researchers will assess articles relevant to predetermined criteria. Articles were screened based on titles, abstracts, keywords, populations, and the contents of the entire text, and seven of the most relevant articles were selected for review. Results: The findings of this study indicate that six literature sources meet the research criteria, and researchers have identified the most mentioned factors, including comorbidities and several conditions occurring in UGIB patients. Conclusion: Comorbidities, hypoalbuminemia, elevated levels of BUN or serum creatinine, and hemodynamic instability are the most frequently found risk factors for mortality in the compiled literatures.