Risk factors for nuclear and cortical cataracts: A hospital based study

Abstract

Purpose:To evaluate risk factors associated with nuclear and cortical cataracts among a hospital based sample of subjects in Southern India.Methods:In this hospital-based study, 3,549 subjects including 2,090 male and 1,459 female individuals aged 45 years and over were randomly screened for nuclear and cortical cataracts. Lens opacity was graded and classified after pupil dilation using the lens opacities classification system (LOCS) III at the slit lamp. Furthermore, participants were interviewed for lifestyle variables and dietary intake of carotenoids using a structured food frequency questionnaire.Results:Demographic risk factors for cataracts included older age and lower socioeconomic status. Nuclear cataracts were associated with diabetes (OR = 6.34; 95% CI: 2.34-8.92%), tobacco chewing (moderate, OR = 3.04; heavy, OR = 4.62), cigarette smoking (moderate, OR = 1.58; heavy, OR = 1.87) and hypertension (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.25-2.78%). Cortical cataracts were associated with diabetes (OR = 15.03; 95% CI: 7.72-29.2%), tobacco chewing (moderate, OR = 2.16; heavy, OR = 2.32) and cigarette smoking (moderate, OR = 2.20; heavy, OR = 2.97). Higher dietary intake of lutein/zeaxanthin (L/Z) and β-carotene was associated (P < 0.001) with a lower risk of nuclear and cortical cataracts.Conclusion:Higher dietary intake of carotenoids is associated with a lower risk of cataracts. Nuclear and cortical cataracts are associated with various risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, cigarette smoking and tobacco, similar to studies conducted in other Asian and European populations, irrespective of ethnic origin.

Cataract and Associated Factors Among OPD Attendees in a Teaching Institute of North East India

“…In the present study, a total of 330 subjects attending the ophthalmology OPD of AGMC and GBP hospital, were enrolled and among them 36.7% were found to be suffering from cataract. Mamatha et al .,[ 13 ] in their hospital based study at Mysore reported the proportion of cataract as 28.2%, which was lower than the present study, whereas Avachat et al .,[ 14 ] reported a higher prevalence of cataract (53%) in an another hospital based study.…”

“…Present study was a hospital based cross-sectional study carried out between 7 th February and 6 th March 2020, among adults attending Ophthalmology OPD of Agartala Government Medical College, Tripura. Minimum sample size requirement for this study was calculated by using the formula: N = ; Where, N is sample size; Z is the value of standard normal deviate at 95% confidence which is 1.96; P is the proportion of cataract among hospital attendee, which was considered as 28.2%[ 13 ]; and l is allowable error which was considered as 5%. Thus, minimum sample size was determined to be 323 subjects for this study.…”

Nuances of preoperative care before cataract extraction. What do we overlook when performing biometry, calculating IOL power, and examining the eye?

“…Данные метаанализа, включавшего в себя одно когортное и семь кросс-секционных исследований, выявили достоверную обратную корреляцию между развитием ядерной и субкапсулярной катаракты и концентрацией лютеина и зеаксантина в крови и сделали вывод о том, что повышенная концентрация каротиноидов в крови может быть связана со снижением риска ядерной катаракты. При этом связь большей силы отмечается в европейских исследованиях [44,45]. Прием комплекса витаминов и микроэлементов, содержащего витамин С, витамин Е, каротиноиды, оксид цинка, сопровождался снижением частоты развития поздней стадии ВМД на 25%, а риск потери остроты зрения на 3 и более строчек снижался на 19% [46].…”

Rotational Asymmetric Multifocal Intraocular Lens - Use in Patient Undergoing Cataract Surgery

“…Risk factors include diabetes, smoking tobacco, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and alcohol (5). Due to metabolic changes of the crystalline lens fibers are deposited clumps of protein or yellow-brown pigment in the lens reducing the transparency.…”