Risk Factors for Physical Disability in Patients With Leprosy

Abstract

(WHO) 2016-2020 Global Leprosy Strategy aims to reinvigorate efforts to control leprosy and avert leprosy disability to less than 1 per million population. OBJECTIVE To systematically identify clinical factors associated with physical disability in patients with leprosy. DATA SOURCE Searches were conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases to identify studies published from January 23, 1988, to May 23, 2018, using the keywords leprosy and physical disability and related terms. STUDY SELECTION Studies that evaluated patients using the WHO leprosy disability grading system and reported the number of patients with and without disability by clinical characteristics were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS The odds ratio (OR) was used as a measure of association between the clinical features and physical disability. Summary estimates were calculated using random-effects models. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was physical disability according to the WHO disability classification. The association between clinical features and physical disability was evaluated. RESULTS The search identified 2447 reports. After screening titles and abstracts, 177 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 32 studies were included in the systematic review; 24 of the 32 studies included sex information (39 571 patients), of whom 24 218 (61.2%) were male. Male patients with leprosy were more likely to have physical disability than female patients with leprosy (pooled OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.43-1.93; I 2 , 81.3%; P < .001). Persons with multibacillary leprosy were 4-fold more likely to have physical disability than those with paucibacillary leprosy (pooled OR, 4.32; 95% CI, 3.37-5.53; I 2 , 88.9%, P < .001). Patients having leprosy reactions were more likely to have disability (pooled OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.35-4.36; I 2 , 92.1%; P < .001). Patients with lepromatous leprosy experienced 5-to 12-fold higher odds of disability. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This systematic review and meta-analysis confirms the association between the presence of physical disabilities and male sex, multibacillary leprosy, leprosy reactions, and lepromatous presentation. These findings can guide the development of targeted interventions for early identification of individuals at greater risk of developing physical disabilities and education campaigns to promote early consultation to institute treatment for leprosy reactions and prevent physical disability.

Epidemiological situation of leprosy in a province in China: a long time to diagnosis and a high rate of deformity

“…However, the global leprosy prevention and treatment strategy has not undergone major revisions [ 2 ], and the focus is still on the early detection of cases and timely regular combined chemotherapy [ 3 ]. The long disease course, high deformity rate [ 4 ], and the cooccurrence other medical problems may result in social issues, such as low quality of life and low happiness index due to discrimination [ 5 ]. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, our government has carried out a great deal of public health work [ 6 ] and implemented a large number of effective leprosy prevention and control measures [ 7 ].…”

Reconocimiento clínico de la enfermedad de Hansen

“…La enfermedad de Hansen es una de las discapacidades prevenibles más altas del mundo (13), su retraso en el diagnostico produce secuelas en aproximadamente 2 millones de personas en todo el mundo (10). El retraso en el diagnóstico en conjunto con las discapacidades sigue siendo un importante desafío para la salud pública, cuanto mayor sea la demora, mayor es la probabilidad de riesgo de daño nervioso con discapacidad posterior.…”

“…El retraso en el diagnóstico en conjunto con las discapacidades sigue siendo un importante desafío para la salud pública, cuanto mayor sea la demora, mayor es la probabilidad de riesgo de daño nervioso con discapacidad posterior. Debido a esto la familiarización con la enfermedad y la educación continua en su presentación clínica, permite la identificación temprana en aquellas personas con mayor riesgo de desarrollar discapacidades físicas sumado al empleo de campañas de educación destinadas a promover la consulta temprana y prevención de discapacidades físicas (10).…”

Activity limitations in leprosy and their association to cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms

“…Patients with leprosy suffer several biological and psychosocial consequences (4)(5)(6) . In spite of the disease been characterized by skin problems and sensorimotor disorders, studies point to a larger range of involvement (7)(8)(9) .…”