Risk Factors for Self-Harm: Narratives from a Sample of Young People in Northern Ireland

Abstract

Self-harm continues to be a growing concern within adolescence and is a globally recognised public health and social problem. Adolescents living in the community who self-harm are extremely common however less is known about these young people. This study focussed on capturing the voice of young people who engage in cutting behaviour to provide insight into the risks associated with this phenomenon. Single semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine adolescents aged 16-18 years who lived within one Trust area in Northern Ireland.Thematic analysis was applied to the transcribed interviews in which themes emerged. The three subordinate themes of onset, persistence and ending of the behaviour encompassed six sub-themes which were further identified as risk factors for the behaviour. Risk factors identified were difficulties in support networks, exposure to self-harm behaviour, psychological issues, 'addiction' to self-harm, hidden harm and support that hinders. These factors support the current literature base however individual and diverse explanations are highlighted which provide further depth, particularly around the concept of addiction. Recommendations for social work practice as well as future research are considered in view of the findings with the importance of the helping relationship and continuing to listen to young people as key direction.