Risk factors for temporomandibular disorder: Binary logistic regression analysis

Abstract

Objectives: To analyze the influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors (gender, economic class, age and marital status) on the occurrence of temporomandibular disorder. Study Design: One hundred individuals from urban areas in the city of Recife (Brazil) registered at Family Health Units was examined using Axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) which addresses myofascial pain and joint problems (disc displacement, arthralgia, osteoarthritis and oesteoarthrosis). The Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB) was used for the collection of socioeconomic and demographic data. Then, it was categorized as Class A (high social class), Classes B/C (middle class) and Classes D/E (very poor social class). The results were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test for proportions, Fisher’s exact test, nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and Binary logistic regression analysis. Results: None of the participants belonged to Class A, 72% belonged to Classes B/C and 28% belonged to Classes D/E. The multivariate analysis revealed that participants from Classes D/E had a 4.35-fold greater chance of exhibiting myofascial pain and 11.3-fold greater chance of exhibiting joint problems. Conclusions: Poverty is a important condition to exhibit myofascial pain and joint problems. Key words:Temporomandibular joint disorders, risk factors, prevalence.

The effect of culture on pain sensitivity

“…Age, pain duration and pain intensity reported in the study were in accordance with similar clinical studies indicating a generalisability of the population studied (26)(27)(28)(29). Temporomandibular disorder cases had less education compared to the controls, which is in accordance with previous studies indicating that chronic TMD pain is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic groups (30,31). The Italian group was significantly older than the other culture groups, and it has been reported that pain sensitivity might be affected in the elderly (32).…”

Prevalence of TMD and level of chronic pain in a group of Brazilian adolescents

“…This is a population-based epidemiological study that presents the prevalence of TMD-diagnoses according to the RDC/TMD classification among adolescents aged 10 to 17 years. Epidemiological studies are useful for the management of healthcare services by allowing the profile of a given population to be determined and helping to establish public policies with the aim of controlling and eradicating adverse health conditions [19]. The different prevalence rates described for TMD in the literature may be explained by the use of different diagnostic tools for TMD, absence of clinical examinations and self-reported TMD-pain, signs and symptoms [5, 24].…”

“…The prevalence of TMD in adolescents has been reported in recent studies showing a percentage of 9.0% to 48.7%, evaluated by the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), as may be seen in Table 01. The RDC/TMD serves as an evidence-based diagnostic and classification system to aid in the rational choice of clinical care for TMD patients around the world [19]. It is based on a series of protocolized clinical procedures and on strict diagnostic criteria applied to the most common types of TMD [20].…”

“…The influence of socioeconomic factors on different health conditions is widely recognized. Individuals with higher incomes have greater access to information on health and preventive treatment, which can diminish the likelihood of disease progression [19]. Such individuals are also less exposed to risk factors such as precarious housing, nutrient-poor foods [21].…”

“…Such individuals are also less exposed to risk factors such as precarious housing, nutrient-poor foods [21]. A research demonstrated that the poverty is an important condition to exhibit myofascial pain and joint problems [19] and a recent study [22] showed a significant association between symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) with poorer oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB) was developed by the Brazilian Association of Research Companies [23] for population classification into groups according to economic class.…”