Risk factors for the development of surgical site infection in bariatric surgery: an integrative review of literature

Abstract

Objective: to evaluate evidence on risk factors for the development of surgical site infection in bariatric surgery. Method: integrative review. The search for primary studies was performed in four databases. The sample consisted of 11 surveys. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using tools proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data analysis and synthesis were performed in a descriptive manner. Results: surgical site infection rates ranged from 0.4% to 7.6%, considering the results of primary studies, in which patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. In surveys of participants undergoing surgical procedures with different approaches (open, laparoscopic or robotic), infection rates ranged from 0.9% to 12%. Regarding the risk factors for the development of this type of infection, antibiotic prophylaxis, female sex, high Body Mass Index and perioperative hyperglycemia are highlighted. Conclusion: conducting the integrative review generated a body of evidence that reinforces the importance of implementing effective measures for the prevention and control of surgical site infection, by health professionals, after bariatric surgery, promoting improved care and patient safety in the perioperative period.

Development and validation of a nomogram for surgical site infection after gastrectomy in gastric cancer

“…Several studies have examined the risk factors for surgical site infections based on surgical modalities [19][20][21] . The advent of various surgical modalities such as laparoscopic gastrectomy and robotic gastrectomy has further expanded the scope of surgery, speci cally in the area of stomach cancer.…”

Recent advances in bariatric surgery: a narrative review of weight loss procedures

“…Bariatric surgery is a popular and effective option for obesity, modifying the digestive system to promote weight loss 5 . However, it is not without risks, with complications falling into early (immediate postoperative) and late (after 30 days) categories 68 . Early complications include infections, bleeding, anastomotic leaks, pulmonary embolism (PE), and gastrointestinal issues like obstructions or perforations 68 .…”

Evaluating the effectiveness of proactive perioperative nursing strategies on the prevention of surgical site infections and the enhancement of skin healing in paediatric abdominal surgery

“…7 In terms of intrinsic patient-related factors, these can include the patient's age, nutritional status, immune function, presence of chronic diseases (such as diabetes or obesity) and even genetic predispositions. [8][9][10] In the context of the operating room environment, risk factors for SSIs can be categorised into controllable and uncontrollable factors. Controllable factors include elements like sterilisation of surgical instruments, adherence to aseptic techniques and the conduct of surgical personnel, which can be managed and optimised through stringent protocols and training.…”

“…This situation underscores the critical need for effective SSI prevention strategies that can reduce reliance on antibiotics and mitigate the risk of developing antibiotic‐resistant strains 7 . In terms of intrinsic patient‐related factors, these can include the patient's age, nutritional status, immune function, presence of chronic diseases (such as diabetes or obesity) and even genetic predispositions 8–10 …”

“… 7 In terms of intrinsic patient‐related factors, these can include the patient's age, nutritional status, immune function, presence of chronic diseases (such as diabetes or obesity) and even genetic predispositions. 8 , 9 , 10 …”