Risk factors for vitamin d deficiency in breast-fed newborns and their mothers

Andıran, Nesibe; Yordam, Nurşen; Özön, Alev

doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00724-9

Cited by 138 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…While strong seasonal variation in serum 25(OH)D with a marked downward shift during the winter months has been reported consistently (22) , identification of vitamin D deficiency even in the summer months in our countrywhich has, in most of its geographic regions, sufficient sunshine to maintain adequate vitamin D status by dermal synthesis (23)(24)(25) -seems worth noting. In this vein, similar to studies indicating lower levels of vitamin D in females that mainly reflect lifestyle and dress style (5,26,27) , most Turkish women of reproductive age were documented to lack benefit from this source because of their clothing habits (28) . The association of obesity with low 25(OH)D levels in our population is in line with the consistently reported negative correlation between vitamin D and fat mass in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Vitamin D deficiency is a problem for adult out-patients? A university hospital sample in Istanbul, Turkey

Ciğerli

Parıldar

Ünal

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To investigate the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in relation to demographics, clinical diagnosis, season of measurement and laboratory parameters in adult out-patients. Design: Descriptive, retrospective study concerning evaluation of the initial 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels determined at admission in relation to demographics, clinical diagnosis, season of measurement and laboratory parameters. 25(OH)D levels ,20 ng/ml were classified as deficiency, 20-30 ng/ml as insufficiency and .30 ng/ml as sufficiency. Setting: Out-patient clinics at a tertiary care centre. Subjects: A total of 2488 adult patients (mean age: 53?3 (SD 15?2) years; 85?2 % were females) admitted to out-patient clinics at Baskent University Istanbul Hospital were included. Results: Mean level of 25(OH)D in the overall population was 17?4 (SD 11?5) ng/ml while insufficiency and deficiency were evident in 24 % and 66 % of patients, respectively. Mean 25(OH)D levels in males .45 years old were higher than in their female counterparts (19?4 (SD 11?3) ng/ml v. 17?8 (SD 12?2) ng/ml; P , 0?05). Mean 25(OH)D levels obtained in summer (18?6 (SD 11?1) ng/ml) and autumn (23?3 (SD 13?6) ng/ml) were significantly higher than levels in spring (16?1 (SD 10?3) ng/ml) and winter (14?6 (SD 10?2) ng/ml; P , 0?01). Mean 25(OH)D levels were determined to be significantly lower in obese patients compared with non-obese patients (15?6 (SD 10?4) ng/ml v. 17?6 (SD 11?6) ng/ml; P , 0?05). Levels of 25(OH)D were significantly negatively correlated with serum parathyroid hormone levels (r 5 20?194; P , 0?001) while significantly positively correlated with phosphorus (r 5 0?059; P , 0?01) and HDL cholesterol (r 5 0?070; P , 0?01) levels. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that vitamin D deficiency is very common among out-patients in Turkey, regardless of gender and age, especially among obese people and during winter and spring.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Vitamin D deficiency is a problem for adult out-patients? A university hospital sample in Istanbul, Turkey

Ciğerli

Parıldar

Ünal

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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“…In another study conducted in the same region by Özkan et al (13) together with the Ministry of Health with approximately 50 000 subjects in 2007, the prevalence of rickets related with nutrition (vitamin D deficiency) was found to be below 1% in the 0-3-year age group. In a study conducted in 2002, vitamin D deficiency was found with a rate of 25% and vitamin D insufficiency was found with a rate of 15% in breastfed babies (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of vitamin D on lower respiratory tract infections in children

Şişmanlar¹,

Aslan²,

Gülbahar³

et al. 2016

Turk Pediatri Ars

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Aim: Lower respiratory tract infections including mainly pneumonia represent an important public health problem leading to high mortality and mobidity rates in children aged below five years in developing countries including our country. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk of rickets/osteomalacia, various cancers, autoimmune diseases, hyperproliferative skin diseases, cardiovascular system diseases and infectious diseases. Vitamin D has an important role in cellular and humoral immunity and pulmonary functions. Vitamin D deficiency and lower respiratory tract infection are common health problems in children in our country and no clinical study investigating the relationship between these problems has been conducted so far. In this case-control study, we aimed to assess the association between vitamin D level and lower respiratory tract infection in children. Material and Methods: Sixty-three children aged between six months and five years with lower respiratory infections and 59 age-matched children who had no history of respiratory symptoms in the last month and no accompanying chronic disease were compared in terms of vitamin D levels. The children in the patient group were also evaluated by the clinical picture. Results: No significant correlation was found between vitamin D levels and lower respiratory tract infection in terms of disease and its severity. However, it was found that vitamin D deficiency/ insufficiency was observed with a high rate in all children included in the study. Conclusions: Although no correlation was found between vitamin D level and lower respiratory tract infection, it is recommended that vitamin D level should be measured in children with lower respiratory tract infection and vitamin D supplementation should be given to all children especially in winter months based on the fact that the level of vitamin D was lower than normal in approximately half of the children included in the study and considering the effects of vitamin D on infections, pulmonary functions and immunity. (Turk Pediatri Ars 2016; 51: 94-9)

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“…Although India has abundant sunlight, low serum 25OHD3 was common. Breast milk may not provide enough vitamin D for infants (World Health Organisation (WHO), 1998), especially if the mothers are also vitamin D-deficient (Atiq et al, 1998;Goswami et al, 2000;Andran et al, 2002). Therefore, additional vitamin D is needed from sunlight or other foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, we are unaware of studies that have investigated the role of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in ALRI caused by pathogens common among infants and young children in low-income countries. Such research is important given the increasing evidence that subclinical vitamin D deficiency is common even in countries at low latitude and with plentiful sunshine, including India (Atiq et al, 1998;Goswami et al, 2000;Andran et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of subclinical vitamin D deficiency with severe acute lower respiratory infection in Indian children under 5 y

et al. 2004

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Objectives: To determine whether subclinical vitamin D deficiency in Indian children under 5 y of age is a risk factor for severe acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI). Design: A hospital-based case-control study. Setting: Sanjeevani Paediatrics Hospital, a private hospital in Indapur, India. Participants: A total of 150 children including 80 cases and 70 controls, aged 2-60 months, were enrolled. Case definition of severe ALRI as given by the World Health Organization was used for cases. Controls were healthy children attending outpatients' service for immunization. Main outcome measure: Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) with severe ALRI, controlling for demographic and other potential risk factors. Results: Serum 25OHD3 increased with age. Factors significantly associated with decreased risk of severe ALRI in univariate analysis were: exclusive breastfeeding in the first 4 months (cases 35/78 (45%), controls 41/64 (64%); P ¼ 0.02); introduction of other dietary liquids than milk only after 6 months (cases 46/70 (66%), controls 31/66 (47%); P ¼ 0.03); use of liquid petroleum cooking fuel (cases 32/80 (40%), controls 40/70 (57%); P ¼ 0.04); infant not covered in swaddling cloths when exposed to sunlight before crawling (cases 11/52 (21%), controls 25/54 (46%); P ¼ 0.006); and serum 25OHD3 422.5 nmol/l (cases 16/80 (20%), controls 48/70 (69%); Po0.001). In multivariate analysis, factors associated with significantly lower odds ratio for having severe ALRI were: serum 25OHD3 422.5 nmol/l (OR: 0.09; 95% CI 0.03-0.24; Po0.001) and exclusive breastfeeding in the first 4 months of life (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.18-0.99; P ¼ 0.046) with age and height/age as significant covariates. Conclusion: Subclinical vitamin D deficiency and nonexclusive breastfeeding in the first 4 months of life were significant risk factors for severe ALRI in Indian children. (2004) 58, 563-567. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601845 Keywords: pneumonia; children; India; 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; breastfeeding European Journal of Clinical Nutrition IntroductionAcute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), primarily pneumonia, is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 y of age, particularly in developing countries (United State Agency for International Development (USAID), 2002). Consequently considerable research has aimed at finding effective interventions against ALRI such as immunization (Monto & Lehmann, 1998) and casemanagement involving antibiotics (World Health Organization (WHO), 1995). Micronutrient supplementation is another potential intervention. Many trials have investigated the benefits of vitamin A supplements, but these do not significantly decrease morbidity and mortality from ALRI, other than that due to measles, in spite of decreasing overall under-5 mortality (Vitamin A and Pneumonia Working Group, 1995). Zinc supplementation lowered ALRI incidence by 41% (Zinc Investigators' Collaborative Group, 1999). Contributors: VW was involved in designing the study and collected and analysed the data. SF was...

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Risk factors for vitamin d deficiency in breast-fed newborns and their mothers

Cited by 138 publications

References 17 publications

Vitamin D deficiency is a problem for adult out-patients? A university hospital sample in Istanbul, Turkey

Vitamin D deficiency is a problem for adult out-patients? A university hospital sample in Istanbul, Turkey

The effect of vitamin D on lower respiratory tract infections in children

Association of subclinical vitamin D deficiency with severe acute lower respiratory infection in Indian children under 5 y

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