Risk factors in the development of intraventricular haemorrhage in the preterm neonate.

Abstract

Real-time ultrasound is a safe and non-invasive method of diagnosing intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) with a high degree of accuracy

Hypercapnia during the first 3 days of life is associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants

“…Although several other investigators observed significant univariate associations between IVH in premature infants and specific maximum PaCO 2 cutoff values: >45 mm Hg, 11 X50 mm Hg, 8 >60 mm Hg, 11,15,16 and >65 mm Hg, 10 in multivariate analyses a significant association was not found. 10,11,15 Only one small observational trial using multivariate analysis found that hypercapnia was a statistically significant antecedent to IVH. 12 In contrast, three trials found no association between hypercapnia and IVH.…”

“…4 Further, hypercapnia in animals has been shown to abolish intact cerebral autoregulation. 5,6 In addition to low gestational age, low birth weight, male gender, worse acute lung disease, etc., hypercapnia has also been identified as an important risk factor for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] the most common acute brain injury of premature infants. Although it is unclear whether hypercapnia causes IVH or results from circulatory disturbances that follow severe IVH, hypercapnia may influence the development of IVH by causing vasodilation of cerebral resistance arterioles, increasing CBF, and by impairing intact cerebral autoregulation.…”

Intra-ventricular hemorrhage and method of delivery of very low birth weight infants

“…Thus a consecutive series of infants with IVH diagnosed by a single criterion (excluding autopsy) was available for a cohort study. US by sector scanner through the anterior fontanelle has been accepted as a reliable method for detecting IVH [16] although results have been reported to be equivocal in a small number of infants [14]. Classification of increases in density in the region of the head of the caudate appears to be the most important weakness of the US.…”

Down syndrome with congenital hydrocephalus: case report

“…There are several etiologies that can be grouped in four categories: prenatal (congenital), perinatal, postnatal, and unclassifiable 14 . In preterm newborns the main cause is intraventricular heamorrhage usually occuring in the first days of life 3,21 , while in infants born at term the most common is brain maldevelopment 3 .…”