Risk Identification and Risk Assessment of Communication Networks in Smart Grid Cyber-Physical Systems

Jha, Amitkumar V.; Ghazali, Abu Nasar; Appasani, Bhargav; Mohanta, Dusmanta Kumar

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67361-1_8

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These attacks put the WAMS at risk, and its efficacy becomes questionable. The risk identification and assessment of smart grids is thoroughly discussed by Jha et al in [34], where the authors considered risk assessment analysis of smart grid communication networks. The blockchain can be used with synchrophasor technology to mitigate the risk of cyber-attacks in a WAMS.…”

Section: Blockchain Architecture For Spamentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

et al. 2022

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The conventional electrical grid is undergoing substantial growth for reliable grid operation and for more efficient and sustainable energy use. The traditional grid is now metamorphosing into a smart grid (SG) that incorporates a diverse, heterogeneous blend of operating measures such as smart appliances, meters, and renewable energy resources. With better efficient results and dependability, the SG can be described as a modern electric power grid architecture. The SG is one of the greatest potential advances as a promising solution for the energy crisis. However, it is complex and its decentralization could be of tremendous benefit. Moreover, digitalization and integration of a large number of growing connections make it a target of cyber-attacks. In this sense, blockchain is a promising SG paradigm solution that offers several excellent features. There has been considerable effort put into using blockchains in the smart grid for its decentralization and enhanced cybersecurity; however, it has not been thoroughly studied in both application and architectural perspectives. An in-depth study was conducted on blockchain-enabled SG applications. Blockchain architectures for various applications, such as the synchrophasor applications, electric vehicles, energy management systems, etc., were proposed. The purpose of this article is to provide directions for future research efforts aimed at secure and decentralized SG applications using blockchain.

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Section: Blockchain Architecture For Spamentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, the minimum RwHR associated with hybrid SCN with η number of PMUs corresponding to ϑ number of PDCs can be obtained using (27).…”

Section: Risk Assessment Of Hybrid Scnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. , ϑ} (27) Similarly, risk with data reliability associated with a PMU i − PDC j pair in a hybrid SCN can be given as:…”

Section: R Minmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 7}; j = 1. Further, the minimum RwHR can be similarly evaluated using (27) which yields R min Hyb . From the perspective of validating risk with data reliability, the hybrid SCN shown in Figure 3 is implemented in the QualNet network simulator for simulation.…”

Section: Risk Assessment Of Hybrid Scnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A unified risk assessment methodology using vulnerabilities and threats was proposed by Datta R. P. et al in [26] for the SG. An exemplary attempt to provide a risk assessment framework for the SCN in an SGCPS has been reported in [27], where authors have also considered some other applications such as advanced metering, vehicular network, etc. In [28], Smith et al considered the cyber aspects of the smart grid for evaluating the risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Risk Assessment Framework for Synchrophasor Communication Networks in a Smart Grid Cyber Physical System with a Case Study

et al. 2021

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The smart grid (SG), which has revolutionized the power grid, is being further improved by using the burgeoning cyber physical system (CPS) technology. The conceptualization of SG using CPS, which is referred to as the smart grid cyber physical system (SGCPS), has gained a momentum with the synchrophasor measurements. The edifice of the synchrophasor system is its communication network referred to as a synchrophasor communication network (SCN), which is used to communicate the synchrophasor data from the sensors known as phasor measurement units (PMUs) to the control center known as the phasor data concentrator (PDC). However, the SCN is vulnerable to hardware and software failures that introduce risk. Thus, an appropriate risk assessment framework for the SCN is needed to alleviate the risk in the protection and control of the SGCPS. In this direction, a comprehensive risk assessment framework has been proposed in this article for three types of SCNs, namely: dedicated SCN, shared SCN and hybrid SCN in an SGCPS. The proposed framework uses hardware reliability as well as data reliability to evaluate the associated risk. A simplified hardware reliability model has been proposed for each of these networks, based on failure probability to assess risk associated with hardware failures. Furthermore, the packet delivery ratio (PDR) metric is considered for measuring risk associated with data reliability. To mimic practical shared and hybrid SCNs, the risk associated with data reliability is evaluated for different background traffics of 70%, 80% and 95% using 64 Kbps and 300 Kbps PMU data rates. The analytical results are meticulously validated by considering a case study of West Bengal’s (a state in India) power grid. With respect to the case study, different SCNs are designed and simulated using the QualNet network simulator. The simulations are performed for dedicated SCN, shared SCN and hybrid SCN with 64 Kbps and 300 Kbps PMU data rates. The simulation results are comprehensively analyzed for risk hedging of the proposed SCNs with data reliability and hardware reliability. To summarize, the mean risk with data reliability (RwDR) as compared to the mean risk with hardware reliability (RwHR) increases in shared SCN and hybrid SCN by a factor of 17.108 and 23.278, respectively. However, minimum RwDR increases in shared and hybrid SCN by a factor of 16.005 and 17.717, respectively, as compared to the corresponding minimum RwHR. The overall analysis reveals that the RwDR is minimum for dedicated SCN, moderate for shared SCN, and highest for hybrid SCN.

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5G Communications as “Enabler” for Smart Power Grids: The Case of the Smart5Grid Project

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Castro

et al. 2021

Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations. AIAI 2021 IFIP WG 12.5 International Workshops

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Risk Identification and Risk Assessment of Communication Networks in Smart Grid Cyber-Physical Systems

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

A Comprehensive Risk Assessment Framework for Synchrophasor Communication Networks in a Smart Grid Cyber Physical System with a Case Study

5G Communications as “Enabler” for Smart Power Grids: The Case of the Smart5Grid Project

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