Risk of hepatitis C among brazilian ex-soccer players

Souto, Francisco José Dutra; Silva, Alessandro Gonçalves da; Yonamine, Fábio

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762003000800008

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In Brazil, Codes et al (2003) and Oliveira et al (2009a) identified genotype 3a as the most prevalent among intravenous drug users. In the present study, the most common HCV genotypes found among users of illicit drugs were similar to the standard genotypes already reported for the region's blood donors (Souto et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Among the 266 nonintravenous drug users participating in their study, only 1.5% were anti-HCV antibody-positive. This prevalence does not differ either from the general population or from that of local blood donors (Souto et al 2003). Thus, the use of non-intravenous drugs in this sample was not characterised as a risk factor for HCV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

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Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and associated factors among male illicit drug users in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Novais

Lopes

Reis³

et al. 2009

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Intravenous drug injection has been reported as the main risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence and the epidemiological profile of HCV infection among abusers of illegal injected and non-injected drugs in 5%). Logistic regression analyses showed independent associations between HCV infection and intravenous drug use, imprisonment and increasing age. In the present study, inject-, imprisonment and increasing age. In the present study, injecting drug use was the factor most strongly associated to HCV infection and inhaling or sniffing did not represent an increased susceptibility to infection.Key words: epidemiology -hepatitis C virus -illicit drug users -HCV prevalence -HCV epidemiology Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of liver disease and a major public health issue worldwide (Kew et al. 2004, Scheinmann et al. 2007. HCV is transmitted efficiently via the parenteral route, whereas transmission is less common due to sexual or perinatal contact. Estimates indicate that there are ~170 million people infected worldwide. In the West, the HCV-positive population ranges from less than 1-2% (Shepard et al. 2005).HCV is characterised by a high genetic variability and is classified into six major genotypes. Genotype 1 is the most prevalent worldwide, followed by genotypes 3 and 2 (Sablon & Shapiro 2004). In most Brazilian regions, genotype 1 is the etiologic agent in 60-75% of HCV infections (Paraná et al. 2000, Campiotto et al. 2005. Genotype 3 is the second-most prevalent strain and genotype 2 constitutes less than 5% of cases.Intravenous drug users are considered to be the main risk group for HCV infection and act as a reservoir for this blood-borne virus. Prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among intravenous drug users ranges from 31-98% around the world and increases proportionally according to the duration of intravenous drug use (Memon & Memon 2002). Generally, genotypes 3a and 1a have been found more frequently in this group (Stark et al. 1995, Lanternier et al. 2007.The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HCV infection and the main genotypes circulating among illicit drug users in the capital of the state of Mato Grosso (MT), Cuiabá, Central Brazil. We also tried to identify factors associated with HCV infection in this population. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODSA cross-sectional study was designed in order to assess illicit drug users (injecting and non-injecting) who are or have been receiving treatment either during day visits or while staying in rehabilitation centres in the city of Cuiabá in 2007.The eight main centres offering this service were included. A peculiarity of all of these centres is that they only treat male patients. Thus, female patients were not included. Four other centres that had a small number of individuals in treatment were not visited due to access and logistical difficulties.The volunteers were approached in their respective treatment centres. Those who agreed to participate were interviewed...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and associated factors among male illicit drug users in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Novais

Lopes

Reis³

et al. 2009

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

Self Cite

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“…Starting with the identification of one or a group of former Recently, observations at outpatient clinics have suggested the probability of a higher risk of infection by the hepatitis B and C viruses, particularly the latter, among former athletes that practiced their activities between 1950-1980. These observations are in accordance with sparse reports in the literature that pointed at a more frequent distribution of hepatitis C among former athletes (Paraná et al 1999, Souto et al 2003. In an attempt to explain this finding, a hypothesis was formulated: that the use of injectable vitamin complexes and stimulants -a practice reported as common by individuals engaged in sporting activities some decades ago -could be accountable for the dissemination of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), since the use of contaminated syringes and needles is one of the main known means of transmission of this agent (Heintges & Wands 1997, Shepard et al 2005.…”

Section: Subjetcs Materials and Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The supposition that the high number of hepatitis C cases currently observed among individuals that were (Souto et al 2003). In 2006, a news report published in the Folha de São Paulo newspaper (Roseguini 2006) reported that seven former members of the Próspera team, from the city of Criciúma (state of Santa Catarina), died due to complications caused by hepatitis C, in addition to others who were infected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the one possible association, all these references resulted from descriptive studies, without comparison groups, and with very small sample sizes. As justified in one of the previous studies (Souto et al 2003), the small number of individuals was due to the difficulties in locating and including potential participants. This problem was also experienced in the present study, as a considerable number of former athletes referred by their friends no longer lived in their original cities and their whereabouts were unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis C among former athletes: association with the use of injectable stimulants in the past

Passos

Figueiredo

Martinelli

et al. 2008

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in Inland Brazil: An analysis of pooled epidemiological sectional studies

Souto

Fontes

Pignati

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Virology

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In order to assess the contribution of different parenteral routes as risk exposure to the hepatitis C virus (HCV), samples from nine surveys or cross-sectional studies conducted in two Brazilian inland regions were pooled, including a total of 3,910 subjects. Heterogeneity among the study results for different risk factors was tested and the results were shown to be homogeneous. Anti-HCV antibodies were observed in 241 individuals, of which 146 (3.7%, 95% CI = 3.2-4.4) had HCV exposure confirmed by immunoblot analysis or PCR test. After adjustment for relevant variables, a correlation between confirmed HCV exposure and injection drug use, tattooing, and advance age was observed. In a second logistic model that included exposures not searched in all nine studies, a smaller sample was analyzed, revealing an independent HCV association with past history of surgery and males who have sex with other males, in addition to repeated injection drug use. Overall, these analyses corroborate the finding that injection drug use is the main risk factor for HCV exposure and spread, in addition to other parenteral routes.

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Risk of hepatitis C among brazilian ex-soccer players

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and associated factors among male illicit drug users in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and associated factors among male illicit drug users in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Hepatitis C among former athletes: association with the use of injectable stimulants in the past

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in Inland Brazil: An analysis of pooled epidemiological sectional studies

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