The effective activity of road transport enterprises depends on the chosen strategy of enterprise management. The urgent role is the effectiveness of the use of a risk-oriented approach to the management and planning of the enterprise. The article, using the method of hierarchy analysis and probabilistic method, identifies and determines the contribution of risks. The factors that form the risks of road transport enterprises’ activities are defined for these types of enterprises. It has been found that the application of the hierarchy analysis method is a more time-consuming process and provides a deeper analysis of each risk. The probabilistic method is easier to apply, but it requires a high qualification of experts who will assess the risks. The results of surveys conducted by road transport enterprises indicate the application of elements of a risk-oriented approach. The availability of risk information makes it possible to implement appropriate precautions not only within an individual enterprise, but also on a more global scale.