Risky behaviors and Parkinson disease

Grover, Sandeep; Lill, Christina M.; Kasten, Meike; Klein, Christine; König, Inke R.

doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000008245

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Our finding that smoking initiation was associated with a reduced risk of PD is also supported by previous MR studies reporting a reduced risk of PD for ever smokers 141 and for smoking initiation. 42 Further, numerous observational studies have consistently showed a reduced risk of PD in relation to smoking.…”

Section: Personality and Pdsupporting

confidence: 90%

Association of Stress-Related Disorders With Subsequent Neurodegenerative Diseases

et al. 2020

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The objective of this thesis was to investigate the relationship of personality and stress with subsequent risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). In Study I, we conducted a population-based cohort study using questionnaire data from the Swedish Twin Registry to explore whether the personality traits, neuroticism and introversion, were associated with later PD risk. We also explored the role of smoking as a mediator in the relationship between personality and PD. Both neuroticism and introversion were associated with an increased PD risk. Further, smoking was a significant mediator in the relationship between personality traits and PD that partly accounted for the effect of introversion, whereas it acted as a suppressor for the effect of neuroticism on PD risk. In Study II, we wanted to further explore the main findings from study I, with the aim to examine whether the observed associations between neuroticism, smoking and PD may be causal. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study in a network framework, consisting of three main analyses: (I) causal effect of neuroticism on PD, (II) causal effect of neuroticism on smoking initiation, (III) causal effect of smoking initiation on PD. We found no support for a causal association between neuroticism and PD risk. On the other hand, the results indicated that the association between neuroticism and smoking initiation is causal and that there is a strong causal effect of smoking initiation on a reduced PD risk.

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Section: Personality and Pdsupporting

confidence: 90%

Association of Stress-Related Disorders With Subsequent Neurodegenerative Diseases

et al. 2020

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“…Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants associated with PD risk 35,36 and with particular smoking habits 37 and provided some support for a causal relation between smoking habits and PD, albeit such studies have not yet elucidated the underlying mechanism. 38 In all populations, the adverse effects of smoking on risks of vascular and respiratory diseases, neoplasms, and other noncommunicable diseases for which tobacco is the chief risk factor greatly exceed any protective effect of current tobacco smoking on the risk of PD. A trial of transdermal nicotine treatment to slow the progression of PD is currently underway (NCT01560754), but trials of primary prevention of PD are unlikely to be feasible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco smoking and the risk of Parkinson disease

et al. 2020

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ObjectiveTo investigate the causal relevance of current tobacco smoking for the risk of Parkinson disease (PD).MethodsWe compared the risks of death from PD with smoking habits in 30,000 male doctors in the British Doctors cohort study in 1951 and in survivors who had been resurveyed periodically for 5 decades. Cause-specific mortality was monitored for 65 years and included 283 deaths from PD. The relative risks (RRs) of PD (and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were estimated using Cox models for smoking habits (smoking status, amount smoked, and years since quitting) at baseline or updated habits at resurvey.ResultsThe prevalence of current smoking declined progressively during follow-up from 67% to 8% between 1951 and 1998. The crude rates of PD death were lower in current smokers than in never smokers at baseline (30 vs 46/100,000 persons-years). After adjustment for age at risk, current smokers at baseline had a 30% lower risk of PD (RR 0.71; 95% CI 0.60–0.84), and continuing smokers classified using updated smoking habits at resurvey had a 40% lower risk (RR 0.60; 95% CI 0.46–0.77) of PD compared with never smokers. The risks of PD were inversely associated with the amount of tobacco smoked. The protective effect of current smoking vs never smoking for PD was attenuated by increasing duration since quitting smoking.ConclusionsIn contrast to previous suggestions, the present report demonstrates a causally protective effect of current smoking on the risk of PD, which may provide insights into the etiology of PD.

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“…MR relies on assumptions of a strong association of genetic instruments with the risk factor of interest and influence of genetic instrument on outcome only through risk factor 31 . The approach has been able to successfully replicate several previously known findings from observational studies, including the association of telomerase length with AD 32 , alcohol drinking with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) 33 , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) 34 , vitamin D with multiple sclerosis (MS) 35 , smoking with PD 36 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Sleep, pain, and neurodegeneration: A Mendelian randomization study

Grover

Sharma

2021

Preprint

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Objective To examine whether sleep and pain-related traits have a causal effect on the risk of neurodegeneration. Design Two-sample Mendelian randomization using an inverse-variance weighted (IVW) estimate of the summary effect estimates. Setting Genetic data on sleep and pain-related traits and neurodegenerative disorders (NDD) from various cohorts comprising individuals predominantly of European ancestry. Participants Participants from the International Sleep Genetic Epidemiology Consortium (ISGEC), UK Biobank sleep and chronotype research group, International Genomics of Alzheimer's patients (IGAP), project MinE, International Age-related Macular Degeneration Consortium (IAMDGC), International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (IMSGC), International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC) Exposures Self-reported chronotype (CHR), morning preference (MP), insomnia symptoms (INS), sleep duration (SP), short sleep (SS), long sleep (LS), and multisite chronic pain (MCP) Main outcome measures Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Multiple sclerosis (MS), and Parkinson's disease (PD) Results We considered a threshold of P=0.00142 as significant accounting for multiple testing, and P<0.05 was considered to be suggestive evidence for a potential association. Using direct MR, MP was observed as the strongest risk factor for AMD (ORIVW = 1.19, 95% CI 1.08, 1.32, P = 0.00073). We observed suggestive evidence of influence of different sleep traits on neurodegeneration: CHR on AMD (ORIVW = 1.27, 95% CI 1.08, 1.49, P = 0.0034), SS on AD (ORIVW 1.26, 95% CI 1.08, 1.46, P = 0.0044), and INS on ALS (ORIVW 1.55, 95% CI 1.12, 2.14, P = 0.0123). The association of SS with AD was, however, lost after the exclusion of overlapping UKB samples. Using pain as exposure, our study failed to observe any role of pain in neurodegeneration. Results were largely robust to reverse causal analyses and sensitivity analyses accounting for horizontal pleiotropy. Conclusions Our study highlighted the role of morning preference as a risk factor for AMD and provided suggestive evidence of different sleep traits on a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Risky behaviors and Parkinson disease

Cited by 38 publications

References 56 publications

Association of Stress-Related Disorders With Subsequent Neurodegenerative Diseases

Association of Stress-Related Disorders With Subsequent Neurodegenerative Diseases

Tobacco smoking and the risk of Parkinson disease

Sleep, pain, and neurodegeneration: A Mendelian randomization study

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