RIVA: a new proposed method for assessing intrinsic groundwater vulnerability

Groundwater Vulnerability Analysis of Tirnavos Basin, Central Greece: An Application of RIVA Method

“…Each of the four factors affects groundwater vulnerability individually and independently of the potential interactions. The final assessment of each factor is related to five classes of vulnerability (Figure 4), from very low (VL) to very high (VH), respectively [26]. The cumulative effect of these four factors constitutes the final assessment of intrinsic groundwater vulnerability, according to the relationship Three local irrigation organisations (Tirnavou, Ambelona, Agia Sofia) cater for irrigation water to producers through collective networks within their districts.…”

“…In addition to the intrinsic, it considers the properties of a specific contaminant or group of contaminants [25]. This research focuses on intrinsic vulnerability using a relatively new method (RIVA) [26]. The selected method is based on the successful concept of the European approach [27] and incorporates additional elements that provide more realistic and representative results.…”

Karst groundwater vulnerability assessment: application of an integrative index-based approach to main catchments of middle Valseriana springs (Northern Italy)

“…Many vulnerability assessment methods aim to have the widest possible range of application for different geological environments (i.e., Tziritis et al 2020), but no vulnerability assessment approach is robust enough to meet the needs of all types of geological settings (Kumar et al 2015). Each study area has, in fact, its own characteristics.…”

“…Hence, trying to adapt classical methods to the study area is the best way to achieve a good result and to best represent the real conditions. However, this can lead to one of the most common problems when applying indexbased methods: the subjectivity of the author in assigning values to the different factors involved (Tziritis et al 2020). Therefore, a balance must be found between the faithful application of the method and the modifications dictated by the study area.…”

“…The main goal of this study was to define an integrative methodology that could represent, in the most correct way possible, the conditions of intrinsic vulnerability of the middle Valseriana (northern Italy, Province of Bergamo). In the past, several authors have tried to adapt or create new index-based techniques to assess the vulnerability of the study area as correctly as possible (i.e., Leyland 2009;Jenifer and Jha 2018;Tziritis et al 2020). The purpose of this study was to define an approach that does not require a lot of data and expensive investigations available in order to make it applicable in mountain contexts, where many hydrogeological and hydrochemical data are not available as in the plain areas.…”