Rivastigmine Transdermal Patch and Physical Exercises for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Our results suggest that the association between physical exercises and RTP improves QOL in patients with AD. Cognition remained unchanged in both groups. Regarding the effect of physical exercises in ADL, further trials are necessary to confirm these results.

Aerobic and strength training exercise programme for cognitive impairment in people with mild to moderate dementia: the DAPA RCT

“…176 Our exploration of a range of specific cognitive functions suggested no effect in memory, praxis, language or attention. 159 Hoffmann 2017 164 Holthoff 2015 165 Kemoun 2010 166 López 2015 158 Pitkälä 2013 168 Venturelli 2011 171 Venturelli 2016 172 Vreugdenhil 2012 148 Yang 2015 173 Subtotal (95% CI) Heterogeneity: τ 2 = 0.31; χ 2 = 46.10, df = 9 (p < 0.00001); I 2 = 80% Test for overall effect: z = 3.02 (p = 0.003) AD and non-AD Arcoverde 2014 160 Bossers 2015 161 Cheng 2014 162 DAPA trial Miu 2008 167 Underwood 2013 149 Subtotal (95% CI) Heterogeneity: τ 2 = 0.00; χ 2 = 4.99, df = 5 (p = 0.42); I 2 = 0% Test for overall effect: z = 0.08 (p = 0.94)…”

“…We included 19 studies, the majority of these (13/19, 68%) sampled participants who had MMD, as most studies restricted eligibility to participants with a sMMSE score of 10-26. [158][159][160][161][162][163]165,167,169,170,172,173,DAPA RCT Eleven studies included participants with Alzheimer's disease only 148,158,159,[164][165][166]168,169,[171][172][173] and eight included various types of dementia, including Alzheimer's Disease, or did not report the disease type. 149,[160][161][162][163]167,170,DAPA RCT Participants were either recruited from community settings (9/19, 58%) 148,158,164,165,[167][168][169]173,DAPA RCT or nursing homes.…”

“…160,163,164,166,167,[169][170][171][172][173] Seven studies used a mixed-resistance and aerobic exercise. 148,149,159,161,165,168,DAPA RCT One study used resistance exercise only 158 and one study used three-dimensional exercises (tai chi and yoga only). 162 The interventions varied in the mode of delivery.…”

“…Some used fixed equipment (mainly in community settings), including treadmills and static bicycles (n = 7/19, 37%), 168,[164][165][166][167]173,DAPA RCT and others used functional training activities, including walking (n = 11/19, 58%). 148,158,159,161,163,166,168,169,171,172 43 The interventions continued for an average of 4.5 months, ranging from 1.5 to 12 months, and the majority were supervised. There was a paucity in reporting of exercise intensity, only 2 out of 20 studies explicitly described the intensity.…”

“…Nine studies used a usual-care control arm [158][159][160]164,166,167,170,171,DAPA RCT and the most common control group treatment was educational initiatives (4/19). 149,168,172,173 Five studies (n = 5/19, 26%) 161,162,168,170,172 had three or more treatment arms.…”