River gradient anomalies reveal recent tectonic movements when assuming an exponential gradient decrease along a river course

Žibret, Gorázd; Žibret, Lea

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.12.017

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In order to detect the tectonic uplift and subsidence along the river courses, we used the newly developed method of River Gradient Analysis (GLA) proposed by Žibret and Žibret (). The essential theory of the GLA method is that over geological time, river profiles quickly adjust to follow an exponential decrease in the elevation along the river course (Žibret & Žibret, , ). The abnormal values of GLA (negative and positive) can be attributed to the active tectonic movement and or to the disturbances in erosion/sedimentation processes caused by an anthropogenic structure (Žibret & Žibret, , ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The essential theory of the GLA method is that over geological time, river profiles quickly adjust to follow an exponential decrease in the elevation along the river course (Žibret & Žibret, , ). The abnormal values of GLA (negative and positive) can be attributed to the active tectonic movement and or to the disturbances in erosion/sedimentation processes caused by an anthropogenic structure (Žibret & Žibret, , ). The locations of abnormal values identified during the analysis were matched with the locations of thrusts, identified on a 1:50,000 geological map of Valdiya ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We applied the GLA method for the entire Kali River basin, where previous studies (Joshi et al, ; Kothyari & Pant, ; Luirei, ; Luirei et al, ; Pant, Kothyari, & Luirei, ; Pathak et al, , ; Paul et al, ) have shown the active tectonic movements. The GLA magnitude anomaly shows that the uncertainties within the Kali Basin occur at the intersections between active thrusts/faults and river courses, also to correctly detect the active uplift in the area, attributed to the increased sedimentation and increased erosional rates (Žibret & Žibret, , ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This adjustment can be primarily attributed to high precipitation and erosion rates and reach homeostatic levels between sedimentation/erosion in very short periods of time (Font, Amorese, & Lagarde, ). Secondly, the changes in the long profile are caused by tectonic uplift and subsidence and are controlled by the immediate effect of tectonic uplift along the fault (Žibret & Žibret, , ). This assumption might be counter‐intuitive because tectonic uplift generally increases the river gradients, but in this case, the immediate effects of active tectonics at the local scale are apparent and not long‐term responses to regional deformations (Žibret & Žibret, , ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used an alternative method named as “Gradient Length Anomaly (GLA)” originally proposed by Žibret and Žibret () to detect local‐scale anomalies of tectonic deformation (uplift/subsidence) along the river course. The GLA is an alternate method of Permanent Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSInSAR), which precisely measures tectonic uplift and subsidence (Žibret & Žibret, ). The GLA is basically a modified form of SL and Ks method which allows to detect the tectonic movements on metre‐scale precision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

2019

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We have analysed the geomorphic signatures in aggregation with the geomorphic indices with respect to hinterland and foreland neotectonic variability across the major Himalayan thrust system along the Kali River valley of eastern Kumaun Himalaya. The valley floor morphology in the vicinity of the major thrust gave rise to the accommodation space for the aggradation of the recent fluvial sediments. For a longitudinal distance of 212 km between the South Tibet Detachment (STD)and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), the valley has preserved significant aggradational landforms. These landforms have been physically examined to explain the spatial and temporal variability in phases of aggradation/incision in response to the tectonic activity during the late Quaternary. Fossil valleys and associated epigenetic gorges, cut-and-fill terraces with thick alluvial cover, debris-flow terraces, bedrock strath terraces, and alluvial fan terraces are the significant aggradational landforms observed within the valley. They provide signatures of tectonic activity and past climatic records. We have analysed various geomorphic indices, namely, stream-gradient index (SL), steepness index (Ks), hypsometric curve and index (HI), and asymmetric factor (AF) to map the spatial variability in tectonic processes across the major thrusts. The channel morphology (depth and width) of a river becomes adjusted in geological time because of long-term tectonic and erosional processes. However, the channel geometry and deviations can be highly adjustable in a tectonically disturbed mountainous region. The deviations along the river course can be attributed to active tectonic movement along thrusts/faults or because of erosion/sedimentation processes. We applied a novel method called the river Gradient Length Anomaly (GLA) for 37 subbasins of the Kali River to deduce active deformation (uplift/subsidence) corresponding to the increased sedimentation and erosional rates, both from the upstream and downstream parts of the thrusted blocks, from where river flows through. The results of basin-wise morphometric indices were corroborated with GLA anomaly and field observations, which suggests that the area has undergone active deformation between the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), which is attributed to the regional compression. The results of geomorphic and morphometric data are validated with the focal mechanisms of moderate earthquakes. The geomorphic analysis suggests that the hinterland part of eastern Kumaun is more active than the foreland region.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

2019

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Evidences of neotectonic activity along Goriganga River, Higher Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

et al. 2020

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This paper focuses on the analysis of geomorphic landform development, particularly between the Trans Himadri Fault and the Main Central Thrust including Berinag Thrust and other major NNE–SSW and NW–SE striking faults/thrusts in the Higher Central Kumaun Himalaya. Digital analysis of remote sensing data, field investigations including drainage analysis, and development of landforms have been carried out to understand the morphotectonic evolution and, thereby, the neotectonics in this region. A number of morphometric indices [(stream length‐gradient index (SL), steepness index (ks), Chi (χ)] were computed together with knick point analysis. Offsetting of the major river and tributaries was observed along a NNW–SSE direction. Other tectonic landforms, including truncated saddles and disturbed terrace patterns, show that the area is presently undergoing active deformation. The valley floor morphology in the vicinity of the major thrusts provides evidence for aggradation of recent fluvial activity. Developments of various neotectonic features, such as starth terraces, off‐streams, truncated saddles, disrupted terraces, and palaeolake deposits, are evidences for recent tectonic activities associated with the major thrusts/faults. Cut‐and‐fill terraces with thick alluvial cover, debris‐flow terraces, and alluvial fan terraces are significant aggradational landforms observed within the valley that provide signatures of past climatic records. Our study reveals that the fluvially modified debris‐flow terraces were formed between 5 and 20 ka. We infer that the major phase of valley‐fill happened between 5 and 12 ka, whereas the youngest phase of aggradation may have responded to the Holocene tectonic activity that took place around 5–6 ka. The study is significant to understand the recent geomorphic development and tectonic deformation in the study area and may be helpful for future infrastructural development in the region.

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Anthropogenic Interference and Climatic Changes Influencing Precipitation, Sediment Load and Sand Deposition by the Phalgu River in and Around Jahanabad District, Bihar: A Case Study

Bishwapriya

Chaurasia²,

Kumar³

2022

Springer Climate

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River gradient anomalies reveal recent tectonic movements when assuming an exponential gradient decrease along a river course

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

Evidences of neotectonic activity along Goriganga River, Higher Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

Anthropogenic Interference and Climatic Changes Influencing Precipitation, Sediment Load and Sand Deposition by the Phalgu River in and Around Jahanabad District, Bihar: A Case Study

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