“…PAR attenuation coefficients ( k ), and Z eu can be accurately calculated from vertical profiles of underwater PAR irradiance by using underwater quantum sensors (Liu et al, ; Padial & Thomaz, ). In addition, SD is widely used to estimate k and Z eu due to the ease of its measurement (Cardoso et al, ; Pineda et al, ; Zanco, Pineda, Bortolini, Jati, & Rodrigues, ). The significant correlations between SD and k , and between SD and Z eu , allow for the use of regression models (Padial & Thomaz, ; Zhang, Liu, Yin, Wang, & Qin, ) and indices, which emerge from the product k × SD and the ratio Z eu /SD (Koenings & Edmundson, ).…”