RNA and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on microRNAs

Nunomura, Akihiko; Perry, George

doi:10.1155/2020/2638130

Cited by 82 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 160 publications

(211 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…miRNAs interfere with the translation or degrading of target mRNAs. Interestingly, in neurogenerative disease, including AD, it has shown an altered regulation of miRNA [ 95 ].…”

Section: Quercetin and Micrornamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Neuroprotective Role of Free and Encapsulated Quercetin Mediated by miRNA against Neurological Diseases

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic neuroinflammation is a pathological condition of numerous central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and many others. Neuroinflammation is characterized by the microglia activation and concomitant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to an increasing neuronal cell death. The decreased neuroinflammation could be obtained by using natural compounds, including flavonoids known to modulate the inflammatory responses. Among flavonoids, quercetin possess multiple pharmacological applications including anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, antiapoptotic and anti-thrombotic activities, widely demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In this review, we describe the recent findings about the neuroprotective action of quercetin by acting with different mechanisms on the microglial cells of CNS. The ability of quercetin to influence microRNA expression represents an interesting skill in the regulation of inflammation, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and immune responses. Moreover, in order to enhance quercetin bioavailability and capacity to target the brain, we discuss an innovative drug delivery system. In summary, this review highlighted an important application of quercetin in the modulation of neuroinflammation and prevention of neurological disorders.

show abstract

“…miRNAs interfere with the translation or degrading of target mRNAs. Interestingly, in neurogenerative disease, including AD, it has shown an altered regulation of miRNA [ 95 ].…”

Section: Quercetin and Micrornamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Neuroprotective Role of Free and Encapsulated Quercetin Mediated by miRNA against Neurological Diseases

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Secondly, miRNAs can be subject to chemical modifications at specific nucleotide positions in response to oxidative stress. The resulting chemical modifications can be measured and were detected at increased frequency in vulnerable brain regions of Alzheimerʼs Disease patients [17] or cardiac hypertrophy [18], both disease characterized by increased oxidative stress. This process of miRNA oxidation reminds us of other known chemical modifications of biomarkers such as glycation of hemoglobin to HbA1c.…”

Section: Why Could Mirnas Provide An Objective Indication Of Medical State?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of microRNAs in Osteoporosis Diagnostics

Hackl

Semmelrock²,

Grillari

2021

Osteologie

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (18–24 nucleotides) non-coding RNA sequences that regulate gene expression via binding of messenger RNA. It is estimated that miRNAs co-regulate the expression of more than 70% of all human genes, many of which fulfil important roles in bone metabolism and muscle function. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments have shown that the targeted loss of miRNAs in distinct bone cell types (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) results in altered bone mass and bone architecture. These results emphasize the biological relevance of miRNAs for bone health.MiRNAs are not only considered as novel bone biomarkers because of their biological importance to bone metabolism, but also on the basis of other favorable properties: 1) Secretion of miRNAs from cells enables “minimally invasive” detection in biological fluids such as serum. 2) High stability of miRNAs in serum enables the retrospective analysis of frozen blood specimens. 3) Quantification of miRNAs in the serum is based on the RT-PCR - a robust method that is considered as the gold standard for the analysis of nucleic acids in clinical diagnostics.With regard to osteoporosis, it has been shown that many of the known risk factors are characterized by distinct miRNA profiles in the affected tissues: i) age-related loss of bone mass, ii) sarcopenia, iii) changes in estrogen metabolism and related changes Loss of bone mass, and iv) diabetes. Therefore, numerous studies in recent years have dealt with the characterization of miRNAs in the serum of osteoporosis patients and healthy controls, and were able to identify recurring miRNA patterns that are characteristic of osteoporosis. These novel biomarkers have great potential for the diagnosis and prognosis of osteoporosis and its clinical outcomes.The aim of this article is to give a summary of the current state of knowledge on the research and application of miRNA biomarkers in osteoporosis.

show abstract

“…The extensive molecular and cellular damage caused by ROS may accumulate over time. Thus, OS is strongly implicated in many age-related and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, atherosclerosis, and cancer, among others (Nunomura et al, 2001;Sayre et al, 2001;Hussain et al, 2003;Singh and Jialal, 2006;Vogiatzi et al, 2009;Nunomura and Perry 2020). Oxidative damage to DNA is a well-established consequence of oxidative stress and is strongly implicated in many diseases; however, less attention has been given to RNA oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Granule-Mediated Oxidized RNA Decay in P-Body: Hypothetical Role of ADAR1, Tudor-SN, and STAU1

Alluri

McCrae

2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated under oxidative stress (OS) cause oxidative damage to RNA. Recent studies have suggested a role for oxidized RNA in several human disorders. Under the conditions of oxidative stress, mRNAs released from polysome dissociation accumulate and initiate stress granule (SG) assembly. SGs are highly enriched in mRNAs, containing inverted repeat (IR) Alus in 3′ UTRs, AU-rich elements, and RNA-binding proteins. SGs and processing bodies (P-bodies) transiently interact through a docking mechanism to allow the exchange of RNA species. However, the types of RNA species exchanged, and the mechanisms and outcomes of exchange are still unknown. Specialized RNA-binding proteins, including adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1-p150), with an affinity toward inverted repeat Alus, and Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor-SN) are specifically recruited to SGs under OS along with an RNA transport protein, Staufen1 (STAU1), but their precise biochemical roles in SGs and SG/P-body docking are uncertain. Here, we critically review relevant literature and propose a hypothetical mechanism for the processing and decay of oxidized-RNA in SGs/P-bodies, as well as the role of ADAR1-p150, Tudor-SN, and STAU1.

show abstract

RNA and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on microRNAs

Cited by 82 publications

References 160 publications

The Potential Neuroprotective Role of Free and Encapsulated Quercetin Mediated by miRNA against Neurological Diseases

The Potential Neuroprotective Role of Free and Encapsulated Quercetin Mediated by miRNA against Neurological Diseases

The Role of microRNAs in Osteoporosis Diagnostics

Stress Granule-Mediated Oxidized RNA Decay in P-Body: Hypothetical Role of ADAR1, Tudor-SN, and STAU1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About