RNA-mediated interference and reverse transcription control the persistence of RNA viruses in the insect model Drosophila

Goic, Bertsy; Vodovar, Nicolas; Mondotte, Juan A.; Monot, Clément; Frangeul, Lionel; Blanc, Hervé; Gausson, Valérie; Vera-Otárola, Jorge; Cristofari, Gaël; Saleh, María-Carla

doi:10.1038/ni.2542

Cited by 238 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Furthermore endogenization during virus infection was recently shown to be a mechanism to temperate virus infection in insects (Goic et al, 2013) and such occurrence/mechanism could be investigated also in a mycovirus-fungal system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple approaches for the detection and characterization of viral and plasmid symbionts from a collection of marine fungi

Nerva¹,

et al. 2016

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Highlights• First report of mycoviruses isolated from fungi from marine environment.• Survey of mycoviruses using multiple approaches for both DNA and RNA genomes.• RNAseq analysis is superior to sRNA for de novo assembly of mycoviruses.• Twelve new virus species were characterized molecularly.• Expression of a viral RNA from an endogenized cDNA segment. AbstractThe number of reported mycoviruses is increasing exponentially due to the current ability to detect mycoviruses using next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches, with a large number of viral genomes built in-silico using data from fungal transcriptome projects. We decided to screen a collection of fungi originating from a specific marine environment (associated with the seagrass Posidonia oceanica) for the presence of mycoviruses: our findings reveal a wealth of diversity among these symbionts and this complexity will require further studies to address their specific role in this ecological niche. In specific, we identified twelve new virus species belonging to nine distinct lineages: they are members of megabirnavirus, totivirus, chrysovirus, partitivirus and five still undefined clades. We showed evidence of an endogenized virus ORF, and evidence of accumulation of dsRNA from metaviridae retroviral elements. We applied different techniques for detecting the presence of mycoviruses including (i) dsRNA extraction and cDNA cloning, (ii) small and total RNA sequencing through NGS techniques, (iii) rolling circle amplification (RCA) and total DNA extraction analyses, (iv) virus purifications and electron microscopy. We tried also to critically evaluate the intrinsic value and limitations of each of these techniques. Based on the samples we could compare directly, RNAseq analysis is superior to sRNA for de novo assembly of mycoviruses. To our knowledge this is the first report on the virome of fungi isolated from marine environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple approaches for the detection and characterization of viral and plasmid symbionts from a collection of marine fungi

Nerva¹,

et al. 2016

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“…During a persistent infection, the virus replicates but has relatively little effect on host fitness. It has been proposed that the siRNA pathway is boosted during persistent infection by the production of more abundant and distinct vsiRNAs (44). Those vsiRNAs are generated from a viral DNA form.…”

Section: Isogenization and Characterization Of Pirna Mutant Flies On mentioning

confidence: 99%

piRNA pathway is not required for antiviral defense in Drosophila melanogaster

Petit

Mongelli

Frangeul

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Since its discovery, RNA interference has been identified as involved in many different cellular processes, and as a natural antiviral response in plants, nematodes, and insects. In insects, the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway is the major antiviral response. In recent years, the Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway also has been implicated in antiviral defense in mosquitoes infected with arboviruses. Using Drosophila melanogaster and an array of viruses that infect the fruit fly acutely or persistently or are vertically transmitted through the germ line, we investigated in detail the extent to which the piRNA pathway contributes to antiviral defense in adult flies. Following virus infection, the survival and viral titers of Piwi, Aubergine, Argonaute-3, and Zucchini mutant flies were similar to those of wild type flies. Using next-generation sequencing of small RNAs from wild type and siRNA mutant flies, we showed that no viral-derived piRNAs were produced in fruit flies during different types of viral infection. Our study provides the first evidence, to our knowledge, that the piRNA pathway does not play a major role in antiviral defense in adult Drosophila and demonstrates that viral-derived piRNA production depends on the biology of the host–virus combination rather than being part of a general antiviral process in insects.

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“…91 However, other types of amplification are possible, such as described in the fruit fly. 131 Because the presence of sRNA amplification in a species would have significant impact the amount of sRNA that must be ingested to have downstream effects, further work is required to understand the prevalence of this phenomenon.…”

Section: Are Srnas Disseminated Systemically?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and impact of natural diet-derived small RNA in invertebrates: Implications for ecology and agriculture

Chan

Snow

2016

RNA Biology

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The putative transfer and gene regulatory activities of diet-derived small RNAs (sRNAs) in ingesting animals are still debated. The existence of natural uptake of diet-derived sRNA by invertebrate species could have significant implication for our understanding of ecological relationships and could synergize with efforts to use RNA interference (RNAi) technology in agriculture. Here, we synthesize information gathered from studies in invertebrates using natural or artificial dietary delivery of sRNA and from studies of sRNA in vertebrate animals and plants to review our current understanding of uptake and impact of natural dietderived sRNA on invertebrates. Our understanding has been influenced and sometimes confounded by the diversity of invertebrates and ingested plants studied, our limited insights into how gene expression may be modulated by dietary sRNAs at the mechanistic level, and the paucity of studies focusing directly on natural uptake of sRNA. As such, we suggest 2 strategies to investigate this phenomenon more comprehensively and thus facilitate the realization of its potentially broad impact on ecology and agriculture in the future.

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RNA-mediated interference and reverse transcription control the persistence of RNA viruses in the insect model Drosophila

Cited by 238 publications

References 43 publications

Multiple approaches for the detection and characterization of viral and plasmid symbionts from a collection of marine fungi

Multiple approaches for the detection and characterization of viral and plasmid symbionts from a collection of marine fungi

piRNA pathway is not required for antiviral defense in Drosophila melanogaster

Uptake and impact of natural diet-derived small RNA in invertebrates: Implications for ecology and agriculture

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