Road and transport infrastructure development and community support for tourism: The role of perceived benefits, and community satisfaction

Kanwal, Shamsa; Rasheed, Muhammad Imran; Pitafi, Abdul Hameed; Pitafi, Adnan; Ren, Minglun

doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104014

Cited by 196 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The improved maintenance of highways, and construction of the Attabad Tunnels [83] and the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) passing through KVO's KNP [84] have contributed to a tremendous increase in tourism, and this increasing trend is expected to continue in the future. Currently, the CPEC is helping to promote tourism in this region [85], and there is huge potential for mass tourism due to economic development, enhanced livelihood standards and improved infrastructure in the region. Previous studies have pointed out that tourism is generating the most sustainable flow of benefits to communities living with wildlife or near protected areas [86,87].…”

Section: Mass Tourism: Its Economic Benefits Environmental Problems mentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues and Opportunities Associated with Trophy Hunting and Tourism in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Pakistan

Rashid

Shi

Rahim

et al. 2020

Animals

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Trophy hunting and mass tourism are the two major interventions designed to provide various socioeconomic and ecological benefits at the local and regional levels. However, these interventions have raised some serious concerns that need to be addressed. This study was conducted in Khunjerab National Park (KNP) with an aim to analyze comparatively the socioeconomic and ecological impacts of trophy hunting and mass tourism over the last three decades within the context of sustainability. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with key stakeholders and household interviews were conducted to collect data on trophy hunting and mass tourism, and on local attitudes towards these two interventions in and around KNP. The results revealed that 170 Ibex (Capra sibirica) and 12 Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) were hunted in the study area over the past three decades, and trophy hunting was not based on a sustainable harvest level. Trophy hunting on average generated USD 16,272 annual revenue, which was invested in community development. However, trophy hunting has greatly changed the attitudes of local residents towards wildlife: a positive attitude towards the wild ungulates and strongly negative attitude towards wild carnivores. In addition, trophy hunting has reduced the availability of ungulate prey species for Snow leopards (Panthera uncia), and consequently, Snow leopards have increased their predation on domestic livestock. This has, in turn, increased human–snow leopard conflict, as negative attitudes towards carnivores result in retaliatory killing of Snow leopards. Furthermore, according to official record data, the number of tourists to KNP has increased tremendously by 10,437.8%, from 1382 in 1999 to 145,633 in 2018. Mass tourism on average generated USD 33,904 annually and provided opportunities for locals to earn high incomes, but it caused damages to the environment and ecosystem in KNP through pollution generation and negative impacts on wildlife. Considering the limited benefits and significant problems created by trophy hunting and mass tourism, we suggest trophy hunting should be stopped and mass tourism should be shifted to ecotourism in and around KNP. Ecotourism could mitigate human–Snow leopard conflicts and help conserve the fragile ecosystem, while generating enough revenue incentives for the community to protect biodiversity and compensate for livestock depredation losses to Snow leopards. Our results may have implications for management of trophy hunting and mass tourism in other similar regions that deserve further investigation.

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Section: Mass Tourism: Its Economic Benefits Environmental Problems mentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues and Opportunities Associated with Trophy Hunting and Tourism in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Pakistan

Rashid

Shi

Rahim

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…CPEC is perceived to configure and boost the relatively underperforming sectors of the economy which can help Pakistan gain a strong power position in different regions [64]. Through CPEC projects, the local communities see various benefits including infrastructure development, transport facilities and tourism development in the areas which in turn would enhance their living standard [65]. However, the disadvantages can be few employment opportunities for local people in the industries because of the lack of the skills set required to undertake these jobs.…”

Section: Cpec Rural Development and Sustainable Life Of Rural Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

China-Pakistan economic corridor and its impact on rural development and human life sustainability. Observations from rural women

et al. 2020

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China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has become a "game-changer" not only for policymakers but also for common citizens of China and Pakistan because of its potential benefits in the economic prosperity and sustainable development in the lives of individuals. Recently, scholars have shown a great interest in researching the eminence of CPEC. Despite prodigious efforts of scholars, the question "how CPEC would influence living standards of rural women and what they perceive?" has been remained unanswered. The present study is the first attempt to unearth the perceptions of rural areas' women towards CPEC. We collected empirical evidence through a structured questionnaire from 302 educated rural women and interviewing 32 uneducated rural women. The following major conclusions are drawn through structural equation modeling via AMOS 21: the rural women significantly directly perceive new opportunities through CPEC; however, they perceive that the CPEC would not directly influence their quality of life and self-enhancement, but through the development of these rural areas. Rural development partially mediates the relationship between CPEC development and perceived opportunities while it fully mediates the relationships between CPEC development and quality of life as well as between CPEC development and self-enhancement. Policymakers need to emphasize on development of rural areas that would improve living standards of poor communities. The government needs to meet the expectations of poor communities and rural women to ensure their sustainable development.

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“…Having the necessary infrastructure is key to show the potential of sports tourism. Kanwal et al (2020) argue that people's understanding of road infrastructure and transportation is directly related to community support for tourism leading to community satisfaction [59]. Private sector can provide financial support to attract more investors, it is important for the government and private sector to adopt a multi-stakeholder approach which will yield collective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Industry: Identifying the Effective Institutional Factors on the Exploitation of Entrepreneurial Opportunities of Sports Tourism Industry in Developing Countries

Heydari¹,

Keshtidar²,

Ramkissoon³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The aim of this study is to identify the effective institutional factors on the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities of the sports tourism industry in developing countries. This research is a qualitative study, the systematic method of Strauss and Corbin (1990) has been used to analyze the data. Interviewing is the main method of collecting data in this research, which semi-structured interviews were done with 45 members of the research community. According to Shane and Venkataraman individual-opportunity nexus framework (2000), interview questions were drafted and simultaneously with data collection from interviews, data analysis was performed. Based on the research results, 75 indicators affecting the exploitation of entrepreneurship opportunities in sports tourism were identified. Our research findings show that the necessary institutional arrangements in regulatory/legal/administrative dimensions (rule of law, government policies), normative/cultural (social norms, values and beliefs), cognitive/educational (promotion of elite knowledge, promotion of social knowledge) and guidance measures/supporter (public sector support, private sector support, complementary attraction and information technology) can improve the rate of entrepreneurial behavior in this area by increasing the ability and willingness of entrepreneurs to take advantage of entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of sports tourism. Finally, according to the research results, it can be suggested that for the growth of the sports tourism industry in developing countries, The existence of a legal, normative, supportive and educational environment will affect the ability and desire of market participants to identify and exploit the entrepreneurial opportunities of this emerging industry.

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Road and transport infrastructure development and community support for tourism: The role of perceived benefits, and community satisfaction

Cited by 196 publications

References 53 publications

Issues and Opportunities Associated with Trophy Hunting and Tourism in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Pakistan

Issues and Opportunities Associated with Trophy Hunting and Tourism in Khunjerab National Park, Northern Pakistan

China-Pakistan economic corridor and its impact on rural development and human life sustainability. Observations from rural women

Emerging Industry: Identifying the Effective Institutional Factors on the Exploitation of Entrepreneurial Opportunities of Sports Tourism Industry in Developing Countries

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