“…Eleven studies 12–14 , 23–25 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 36 , 39 used data from prospectively maintained databases, nine 12 , 13 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 32 , 34–36 compared robotic VHR with open repair ( Table 3 ), and 15 13 , 14 , 22 , 23 , 26 , 28–31 , 33 , 36–40 compared robotic surgery with laparoscopy. All observational studies were performed in the USA, except for two studies 27 , 35 from Austria and Australia. Ten studies 12–14 , 23 , 25 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 38 were multi-institutional, 11 22 , 24 , 26–28 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 37 , 39 , 40 were from a single institution, and one study 36 did not specify the number of centres.…”