Robust control of a multi-bus DC microgrid based on adaptive Lyapunov function method

Abstract

Driven by remarkable concerns about the environmental issues and limited energy sources, the penetration of the distributed energy resources (DERs) and distributed generation (DG) units is on the rapid rise [1,2]. Microgrids are small-scale distribution networks that provide requirements for integrating the DER-based DG units and loads, and improve the stability, reliability, and efficiency of power supply [3,4]. Microgrids can be classified in alternative current (AC) and direct current (DC) types. Although the AC microgrids (ACMGs) are more popular, the DC microgrids (DCMGs) have many advantages compared to ACMGs. The DCMGs have higher stability, reliability, and efficiency, while having no frequency, synchronization, stability, harmonics, power quality, and reactive power issues [5]. In addition, most of the DERs are either naturally in DC form, such as photovoltaic and fuel cells, or converted to DC form, such as wind energy conversion systems. Moreover, most of domestic and commercial loads, such as electronical or digital appliances, are inherently in DC form, and some of these loads that work with AC power, such as home and kitchen electrical appliances, can also operate with DC