2004
DOI: 10.1142/s1469026804001240
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Robust Digital Watermarking Based on Principal Component Analysis

Abstract: We propose a robust digital watermarking technique based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and evaluate the effectiveness of the method against some watermark attacks. In this proposed method, watermarks are embedded in the PCA domain and the method is closely related to DCT or DWT based frequency-domain watermarking. The orthogonal basis functions, however, are determined by data and they are adaptive to the data. The presented technique has been successfully evaluated and compared with DCT and DWT based … Show more

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Cited by 26 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…The objective of this measure is to benefit of each color component in terms of robustness and keep the visual properties of the signature marking. Consequently, we opt for the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and exploit its PC1 as an insertion component [10]. Actually, this component is closely related to the statistical properties of the original image and has the advantage of a maximum-energy image concentration.…”
Section: Selection Of Color Space and Insertion Componentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The objective of this measure is to benefit of each color component in terms of robustness and keep the visual properties of the signature marking. Consequently, we opt for the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and exploit its PC1 as an insertion component [10]. Actually, this component is closely related to the statistical properties of the original image and has the advantage of a maximum-energy image concentration.…”
Section: Selection Of Color Space and Insertion Componentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Paper 10231R received Dec. 31, 2010; revised manuscript received Sep. 18,2011; accepted for publication Oct. 19,2011; published online Dec. 21, 2011. 1017-9909/2011/20(4)/043011/21/$25.00 C 2011 SPIE and IS&T widely used in trade marking to record manufacturing dates. The first digital watermarking proposals were invented somewhere around the late 1970s and the early 1980s, but the term "digital watermarking" itself was not introduced until the late 1980s.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Here, the processing is applied only to the Y-component of the color image. Thai et al 19 introduced watermarking in the principal component analysis (PCA) domain, and their method allowed to embed a large amount of a random watermark in principal components. Miyara et al 20 proposed another watermarking method that is based on PCA by embedding the same digital watermark into three RGB channels of the color image based on PCA eigenimages.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…drawn significant attention from researchers and there has been intensive research in this area [1][2][3][4]8,[10][11][12][13][14]. Digital watermarking techniques in [1][2][3][4]8,[10][11][12][13][14] have been identified as one of the possible solutions for copyright protection.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Digital watermarking techniques in [1][2][3][4]8,[10][11][12][13][14] have been identified as one of the possible solutions for copyright protection. The watermark is a pseudo random/logo image which is embedded into digital data by making small modifications on the data.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%