Robust HEVC Video Watermarking Scheme Based on Repetition- BCH Syndrome Code

Abstract

High efficiency video coding (HEVC)

A Survey on Robust Video Watermarking Algorithms for Copyright Protection

“…Due to watermark embedding, drift error will occur. To eliminate the drift error, many related algorithms have been proposed one after another [91][92][93][94][95][96]. On the basis of a past paper [90], Gaj et al [91] analyzed the intra prediction process of HEVC standard, and embedded the watermark into pixels that were not involved in the prediction process.…”

“…The characteristics of block DCT and DST coefficients are explored to determine the positions of transform coefficients that can be perturbed and will not propagate errors to adjacent blocks. Elrowayati et al [96] proposed a robust HEVC watermarking algorithm based on repetition-BCH syndrome code technology, which can not only resist distortion drift but also preserve the extracted watermark with good quality. The watermark is encoded by repetition-BCH code first, and then embedded into the quantized DCT/DST residual coefficients of transform units (TU) within the different size of TUs of I frames.…”

A Watermarking Method by Modifying QTCs for HEVC

“…It is presented the robust digital watermarking method for the HEVC based on Repetition BCH syndrome code technique without intra-frame distortion drift [18]. This method used the same algorithm as [15], the difference is to high the robustness of error channel by applying BCH encoding to watermark, but the embedding capacity is relatively low.…”

“…Video watermarking algorithm is closely related to video encoder structure. HEVC is built on H.264/AVC platform, therefore in general, it has been performed the research works for applying watermarking algorithms used in H.264/AVC to HEVC watermarking [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

“…Among various watermarking algorithms, the algorithm that embed watermark to nonzero QTCs is highest in information embedding capacity and is robust for different attack [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In embedding watermark in QTCs, challenges are the error drift and the computational complexity.…”