Robust organohydrogel with flexibility and conductivity across the freezing and boiling temperatures of water

Lou, Dongyang; Wang, Congsen; He, Zhiyong; Sun, Xiaoyi; Luo, Jiasheng; Li, Juan

doi:10.1039/c9cc04239c

Cited by 115 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…[ 4 ] The traditional strategy is to introduce a large amount of salt into the hydrogels or obtain organhydrogels by solvent replacement method. [ 2,5 ] Nevertheless, salt‐doped hydrogels have poor high‐temperature resistance, and organhydrogels have low conductivity due to the poor solubility of salts in organic solvents. Besides, these methods involve the use of chemical crosslinking agents and toxic organic solvents, polymerization under UV or high‐temperature conditions, which are complicated and time‐consuming.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra‐Stretchable, Self‐Healing, Conductive, and Transparent PAA/DES Ionic Gel

Wang

et al. 2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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A deep eutectic solvent (DES) ionic gel is fabricated rapidly under mild conditions. The acrylic acid monomer is polymerized based on a dual self‐catalytic system between Vitamin C (VC) and metal ions, such as Fe3+ in the presence of ammonium persulfate in the DES of betaine and ethylene glycol. The as‐obtained PAA/DES ionic gel possesses excellent conductivity between 0.1 and 1.3 S m−1 in a wide range of temperatures from 0 to 90 °C. Moreover, it also shows an ultra‐stretchable performance with stretch more than 200 times its original length even under a stretching rate of 100 mm min−1. Besides, it can operate in harsh conditions because of its anti‐freezing and anti‐drying properties. The ionic gel is self‐healing, and the stretching and conductive performance can be recovered after it is broken. These superior properties of the DES ionic gel provide new insights into the design of novel gels in various applications, such as tissue engineering, sensing, and wearable electronics.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra‐Stretchable, Self‐Healing, Conductive, and Transparent PAA/DES Ionic Gel

Wang

et al. 2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…Subzero temperature results in freezing of hydrogels, while high temperature lead to drying (Rong et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2018). Freezing and drying cause the hydrogels to hard, opaque and dry, which undoubtedly change the integrated mechanical properties of hydrogels, leading to unstable nature under wide temperature range (Han et al, 2017;Lou et al, 2019). So far, it is still a challenge to design a hydrogel with enhanced and tunable mechanical strength together with extreme temperature tolerance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Organohydrogels With Extreme Strength and Temperature Tolerance

et al. 2020

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Tough gel with extreme temperature tolerance is a class of soft materials having potential applications in the specific fields that require excellent integrated properties under subzero temperature. Herein, physically crosslinked Europium (Eu)-alginate/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) organohydrogels that do not freeze at far below 0 • C, while retention of high stress and stretchability is demonstrated. These organohydrogels are synthesized through displacement of water swollen in polymer networks of hydrogel to cryoprotectants (e.g., ethylene glycol, glycerol, and d-sorbitol). The organohydrogels swollen water-cryoprotectant binary systems can be recovered to their original shapes when be bent, folded and even twisted after being cooled down to a temperature as low as −20 and −45 • C, due to lower vapor pressure and ice-inhibition of cryoprotectants. The physical organohydrogels exhibit the maximum stress (5.62 ± 0.41 MPa) and strain (7.63 ± 0.02), which is about 10 and 2 times of their original hydrogel, due to the synergistic effect of multiple hydrogen bonds, coordination bonds and dense polymer networks. Based on these features, such physically crosslinked organohydrogels with extreme toughness and wide temperature tolerance is a promising soft material expanding the applications of gels in more specific and harsh conditions.

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“…Owing to the distinct antifreezing and antidehydration properties, the organohydrogel has aroused great interest among researchers since it was introduced [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 22 ]. Various organohydrogels and organohydrogel-based applications have emerged recently, and the glycerol [ 14 , 15 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], ethylene glycol (EG) [ 13 , 15 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], DMSO [ 32 , 33 ], and sorbitol [ 15 , 34 ] are widely used. There are two popular strategies to fabricate organohydrogels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After solvent displacement, the obtained organohydrogels exhibited low temperature tolerance down to −70 °C [ 15 ]. Since then, due to its universality, solvent displacement became another popular strategy to synthesize the environment-adaptable organohydrogels [ 23 , 24 , 27 , 28 , 34 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both strategies have their advantages and disadvantages. For instance, the one-step in-situ gelling in a binary solvent is more facile and convenient, but the solvent effect could significantly hinder or even completely block the gelling process, which makes this strategy not universal [ 14 , 27 ]. In contrast, the solvent displacement strategy should be a universal method due to the unique liquid transport properties of the hydrogels [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis Antifreezing and Antidehydration Organohydrogels: One-Step In-Situ Gelling versus Two-Step Solvent Displacement

Deng

Zhou

2020

Polymers

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Organohydrogels with distinct antifreezing and antidehydration properties have aroused great interest among researchers, and various organohydrogels and organohydrogel-based applications have emerged recently. There are two popular synthesis strategies to prepare these antifreezing and antidehydration organohydrogels: the in-situ gelling and the solvent displacement strategies. Although both strategies have been widely applied, there is a lack of comparative study of these two strategies. In this work, to elucidate the comparative advantages of the two synthesis strategies, we studied and compared the mechanical and environmental tolerant properties of the organohydrogels synthesized from both strategies. The glycerol-based and ethylene glycol-based chemical polyacrylamide (PAAm) organohydrogel and the glycerol-based physical gelatin organohydrogel were synthesized and studied. Through the comparative study, we have found that the organohydrogels from different strategies with the same dispersion medium showed similar antifreezing and antidehydration properties but different mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of these organohydrogels are influenced by two opposite factors for each strategy: the enhanced physical interactions induced strengthening and solvent effect or swelling induced weakening. We hope this study may provide a better understanding of the synthesis strategies of organohydrogels and provide a valuable guide to choose the suitable synthesis strategy for each application.

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Robust organohydrogel with flexibility and conductivity across the freezing and boiling temperatures of water

Abstract: A new solvent system (an ethylene glycol solution of LiCl) is designed to prepare a robust organohydrogel with high flexibility and conductivity across a wide temperature range.

Cited by 115 publications

References 44 publications

Ultra‐Stretchable, Self‐Healing, Conductive, and Transparent PAA/DES Ionic Gel

Ultra‐Stretchable, Self‐Healing, Conductive, and Transparent PAA/DES Ionic Gel

Physical Organohydrogels With Extreme Strength and Temperature Tolerance

Synthesis Antifreezing and Antidehydration Organohydrogels: One-Step In-Situ Gelling versus Two-Step Solvent Displacement

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