“…For the local ones, the purpose is to approximate useful gradients, therefore the optimization results should be used. However, in both cases, the lack of a Application Literature 3D object reconstruction [9], [20], [7], [8], [67], [22], [23], [68], [37], [40], [42], [61], [69], [70], [29], [71], [72], [73], [44] Body shape estimation [11], [10] Hand shape estimation [13], [74], [75] Face reconstruction [76] Object/camera pose estimation [77] Object part segmentation [78] Material estimation [17] Light/shading estimation [79], [80], [81], [82] Adversarial examples [83], [84], [85], [86], [87] Auto-labeling [45] Teeth modeling [88] common dataset prevents a fair comparison of the different algorithms. One possible solution is to create a set of toy problems which can be used to evaluate the derivative or optimization of geometry, material, light, and camera parameters.…”