Rock fabric heterogeneity and its influence on the petrophysical properties of a building limestone: Lede stone (Belgium) as an example

Abstract

Lede stone is an important historical stone in Belgium, with many ceased and disappeared historical quarries. Owing to its geological nature, this stone exhibits considerable variation in petrophysical properties. Three macroscopical different facies from the solely remaining quarry area in Balegem (Belgium) were profoundly characterized for their pore network properties and petrophysical properties. The pore network was exhaustively studied combining water imbibition under vacuum, mercury intrusion porosimetry and X-ray computed microtomography. The three facies not only have a strong difference in total porosity, but also differ in terms of pore connectivity and pore size distribution, linked to the variability in microfacies. This has profound implications on the water transfer properties such as atmospheric water absorption, capillary water absorption, omnidirectional drying and water vapor resistance. The petrophysical behavior is illustrated with a salt ageing test. The results can be used for restoration and conservation of Lede stone in the built cultural heritage.

Predicting Unconfined Compressive Strength Decrease of Carbonate Building Materials against Frost Attack Using Nondestructive Physical Tests

“…Wet freezing-thawing process proceedings are considered limited because natural rock materials have to be moistened before frost action. The presence of water in the rocks is an important parameter for the damage action [46]. The high absorption of water, breakage, or disintegration and the weakening and expansion of natural rocks lad to the development and formation of microfractures and cracks due to frost action, and hence, the reduction in the strength of the stones is higher.…”

“…Wet freezing-thawing process proceedings are considered limited because natural rock materials have to be moistened before frost action. The presence of water in the rocks is an important parameter for the damage action [46]. On the other hand, limestone samples of CK-H1 exhibit the highest resistance to deterioration because these samples have the lowest value of RDσc with 0.0909 due to having the lowest moisture content and porosity under frost weathering action in comparison with the other samples.…”

Stratigraphy, petrophysical characterization and 3D geological modelling of the historical quarry of Nueva Tabarca island (western Mediterranean): Implications on heritage conservation

“…This study constitutes a good example for other case studies. Results and methodologies can be extrapolated to other historical quarries developed on similar sedimentary deposits (Gaied et al, 2010;Mateos et al, 2011;Bednarik et al, 2014;Lanzón et al, 2014;De Kock, et al, 2017).…”

“…Hence, a full characterization requires a multi-perspective approach to understand the natural variability of stone resources (Bednarik et al, 2014;De Kock et al, 2017). Rock microfacies can be relatively constant over large bodies of rock or they can fluctuate strongly on a subcentimetre to decimetre scale (De Kock et al, 2017). Consequently, it is essential to have accurate knowledge of the stratigraphic sequence (in sedimentary rocks) as well as the geometry of the rock bodies and their spatial distribution.…”

Influence of Surface Finishes and a Calcium Phosphate-Based Consolidant on the Decay of Sedimentary Building Stones Due to Acid Attack

“…of the stone and of its alterability is therefore required to enable quality criteria to be established regarding its use (Vázquez et al, 2013a). Various different authors have analyzed, via a range of accelerated aging tests, the relationship between a stone's intrinsic properties and its resistance to decay (Tamrakar et al, 2007;Fort et al, 2013;Molina et al, 2013;De Kock et al, 2017;Fatah et al, 2018;Saba et al, 2019). However, less research has been done on the effects of the surface properties of the stone on its durability (e.g., Schiavon, 2000;Turkington et al, 2003;Vázquez et al, 2011;Urosevic et al, 2013;Vázquez et al, 2013b;Martinez-Martinez et al, 2019).…”