Rockfalls at Augustine Volcano, Alaska: The influence of eruption precursors and seasonal factors on occurrence patterns 1997–2009

DeRoin, Nicole; McNutt, Stephen R.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.003

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Determination of their occurrence and magnitude can also help inferring major climate changes as well as the characteristics of triggering mechanisms. Indeed, gravitational flows are closely related to climatic, volcanic, and seismic activity and thus represent proxies for the time change of these activities (Calder et al (2002), Hibert et al (2011Hibert et al ( , 2014a, DeRoin and McNutt (2012)). This is also of paramount importance to infer the current or past presence of water on planets such as Mars (Mangold et al (2010)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granular and particle-laden flows: from laboratory experiments to field observations

Delannay¹,

Valance²,

Mangeney³

et al. 2017

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

196

152

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This review article provides an overview of dry granular flows and particle fluid mixtures, including experimental and numerical modeling at the laboratory scale, large scale hydrodynamics approaches and field observations. Over the past ten years, the theoretical and numerical approaches have made such significant progress that they are capable of providing qualitative and quantitative estimates of particle concentration and particle velocity profiles in steady and fully developed particulate flows. The next step which is currently developed is the extension of these approaches to unsteady and inhomogeneous flow configurations relevant to most of geophysical flows. We also emphasize that the up-scaling from laboratory experiments to large scale geophysical flows still poses some theoretical physical challenges. For example, the reduction of the dissipation that is responsible for the unexpected long run-out of large scale granular avalanches is not observed at the laboratory scale and its physical origin is still a matter of debate. However, we believe that the theoretical approaches have reached a mature state and that it is now reasonable to tackle complex particulate flows that incorporate more and more degrees of complexity of natural flows. environments, landslides initiate on continental margins or on oceanic ridges, are assumed to be more or less coherent solid masses, and may be more voluminous than their subaerial equivalents (Hampton et al. (1996), Masson et al. (2006)). While submarine landslide activity is rarely observed, recent high resolution surveys of underwater depth of ocean floors reveals small to large landslide deposits that shape the morphology of medio-oceanic ridges (Cannat et al. (2013)). In contrast, turbidity currents are generally smaller flows with low particle volume fraction (Normack et al. (1993), Meiburg and Kneller (2010), Cantero et al. (2012)). Snow avalanches can be dry or wet and the distinction is made between dense slab avalanches, of moderate thickness and high particle concentration, and powder snow avalanches of larger thickness and much lower particle concentration (Hopfinger (1983), Ancey (2001), Schweizer et al. (2003)). Volcanoes generate hot mixtures of volcanic gas and particles, called pyroclastic density currents, through lateral explosion of a magma body or the gravitational collapse of a lava dome or of an eruptive column (Druitt (1998), Branney and Kokelaar (2002), Roche et al. (2013a), Dufek (2016)). Pyroclastic flows and surges represent the dense and dilute end-members of mechanisms, respectively, and often coexist as a dense underflow is commonly overridden by a dilute turbulent ash cloud. Debris flows are dense mixtures of water and solid particles generated in various subaerial environments on Earth and on other planets (Iverson (1997), Iverson et al. (1997), Zanuttigh and Lamberti (2007), Mangold et al. (2010)) and they can derive from landslides (Scott et al. 2001). Lahars are debris flows resulting from the mixing of pyroclastic material with water ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granular and particle-laden flows: from laboratory experiments to field observations

Delannay¹,

Valance²,

Mangeney³

et al. 2017

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

196

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The geological and morphological context of a given site affects the rockfall activity, but rockfalls can be triggered by external factors (Cruden and Varnes, 1996) such as meteorological factors (see references in Table 2), earthquakes (Kobayashi et al, 1990;Malamud et al, 2004;Yin et al, 2009), volcanic eruptions (Hale et al, 2009, DeRoin andMcNutt, 2012), sea waves (Rosser et al, 2005) and human activity. Several studies have highlighted the influence of these different triggering factors, but triggering mechanisms are still not well understood or quantified, especially considering the influence of meteorological factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of meteorological factors on rockfall occurrence in a middle mountain limestone cliff

D’Amato

Hantz

Guérin

et al. 2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The influence of meteorological conditions on rockfall occurrence has been often highlighted, but knowledge of it is still not sufficient due to the lack of exhaustive and precise rockfall databases. In this study, rockfalls have been detected in a limestone cliff by annual terrestrial laser scanning, and dated by photographic survey over a period of 2.5 years. A near-continuous survey (one photo every 10 min) with a wide-angle lens has made it possible to date 214 rockfalls larger than 0.1 m 3 , and a monthly survey with a telephoto lens has dated 854 rockfalls larger than 0.01 m 3 . Analysis of the two databases shows that the rockfall frequency can be multiplied by a factor as high as 7 during freeze-thaw episodes and 26 when the mean rainfall intensity (since the beginning of the rainfall episode) is higher than 5 mm h −1 . Based on these results, a three-level scale has been proposed for predicting the temporal variations of rockfall frequency. The more precise database and freeze-thaw episode definition make it possible to distinguish different phases in freeze-thaw episodes: negative temperature cooling periods, negative temperature warming periods and thawing periods. It appears that rockfalls occur more frequently during warming and thawing periods than during cooling periods. It can be inferred that rockfalls are caused by thermal ice dilatation rather than by dilatation due to the phase transition. But they may occur only when the ice melts, because the cohesion of the ice-rock interface can be sufficient to hold the rock compartment which has been cut.

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“…Rockfalls are sudden phenomena, usually non-predictable in time but sometimes in space, which can cause human or material damages. The geological and morphological context of a given site affects the rockfall activity, but rockfalls can be triggered by external factors (Cruden and Varnes, 1996) such as meteorological factors (see references in Table 2), earthquakes (Kobayashi et al, 1990;Malamud et al, 2004;Yin et al, 2009), volcanic eruptions (Hale et al, 2009, DeRoin andMcNutt, 2012), sea waves (Rosser et al, 2005) and human activity. Several studies have highlighted the influence of these different triggering factors, but triggering mechanisms are still not well understood or quantified, especially considering the influence of meteorological factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of meteorological factors on rockfall occurrence in a middle mountain limestone cliff

D’Amato¹,

Hantz²,

Guérin³

et al. 2015

Preprint

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Abstract. The influence of meteorological conditions on rockfall occurrence has been often highlighted, but its knowledge is still not sufficient due to the lack of exhaustive and precise rockfall data bases. In this study, rockfalls have been detected in a limestone cliff by annual terrestrial laser scanning, and dated by photographic survey during 2.5 years. A near-continuous survey (1 photo each 10 mn) with a wide-angle lens have allowed dating 214 rockfalls larger than 0.1 m3, and a monthly survey with a telephoto lens, dating 854 rockfalls larger than 0.01 m3. The analysis of the two data bases shows that the rockfall frequency can be multiplied by a factor as high as 7 during freeze–thaw episodes and 26 when the mean rainfall intensity (since the beginning of the rainfall episode) is higher than 5 mm h−1. Based on these results, a 4-level scale has been proposed for predicting the temporal variations of hazard. The more precise data base and freeze–thaw episode definition make it possible to distinguish different phases in freeze–thaw episodes: negative temperature cooling periods, negative temperature warming periods and thawing periods. It appears that rockfalls occur more frequently during warming and thawing periods than during cooling periods. It can be inferred that rockfalls are caused by thermal ice dilatation rather than by dilatation due to the phase transition. But they may occur only when the ice melt, because the cohesion of the ice–rock interface can be sufficient to hold the rock compartment which has been cut.

show abstract

Rockfalls at Augustine Volcano, Alaska: The influence of eruption precursors and seasonal factors on occurrence patterns 1997–2009

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Granular and particle-laden flows: from laboratory experiments to field observations

Granular and particle-laden flows: from laboratory experiments to field observations

Influence of meteorological factors on rockfall occurrence in a middle mountain limestone cliff

Influence of meteorological factors on rockfall occurrence in a middle mountain limestone cliff

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