Roentgen Doses During Diagnostic Procedures

A Comparison of Radiographic Techniques with Special Reference to Dosage

“…The results obtained of dose-rate with and without filtration agree closely with those given by other workers (Osborn, 1952;Ritter et al, 1952;and Trout et al, 1952).…”

“…The definition and small area covered may preclude this application for general radiographic purposes. Ritter et al (1952) have given details of their techniques and radiation doses. A selection of these is reproduced in Table II.…”

“…Physical data on the effects of filtration of X-ray beams in the diagnostic range have been published and the advisability of using filtration has been stressed (Martin, 1948;Trout, Kelly and Cathey, 1952;Reid, 1947-50;Ritter, Warren and Pendergrass, 1952;and Handloser and Love, 1951).…”

Field Trial of a System to Obtain Data on Population Exposure to X-Rays

“…These include research on doses to specific body areas and studies of doses associated with selected X-ray examinations and procedures (9)(10)(11)(12)(13) Other studies conducted in several communities have indicated that estimates of population exposure to X-rays can be derived from medical and dental records (£, H). The U.S. National Health Survey's recent report, "Volume of X-Ray Visits" (15)^d emonstrated the feasibility of obtaining X-ray visit data from a sample of the U.S. population by household interviews.…”

II. The Dose to Operator and Patient in X-ray Diagnostic Procedures

“…In practice, I believe, most radiologists screen on the average a little longer than this and probably with slightly greater current (Osborn, 1955a;Emrys-Roberts and Kemp, unpublished). Ritter, Warren and Pendergrass (1952) give 70 kV, 5 mA with a dose-rate of 17 r/min and give ten minutes as the time for stomach and duodenum examination.…”