Role and Merits of Green Based Nanocarriers in Cancer Treatment

Abstract

The use of nanocarriers for biomedical applications has been gaining interests from researchers worldwide for the delivery of therapeutics in a controlled manner. These “smart” vehicles enhance the dissolution and the bioavailability of drugs and enable their delivery to the target site. Taking the potential toxicity into consideration, the incorporation of natural “green” materials, derived from plants or microbial sources, in the nanocarriers fabrication, improve their safety and biocompatibility. These green components can be used as a mechanical platform or as targeting ligand for the payload or can play a role in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Several studies reported the use of green based nanocarriers for the treatment of diseases such as cancer. This review article provides a critical analysis of the different types of green nanocarriers and their synthesis mechanisms, characterization, and their role in improving drug delivery of anticancer drugs to achieve precision cancer treatment. Current evidence suggests that green-based nanocarriers can constitute an effective treatment against cancer.

Multimodal Biomedical Implant with Plasmonic and Simulated Body Temperature Responses

“…In this study, we focused on the use of green and more biocompatible chitosan-based Au NPs (CS-Au NPs) [44][45][46] adhered to PP surgical mesh coated with PNIPAAm-co-poly(acrylamide) copolymer (PNIPAAm-co-PAAm) for monitoring the temperature changes and localization of PP yarns with the unique help of SERS spectroscopy. This new procedure has four main advantages: i) it can be adapted to different surgical mesh architectures, densities and polymer types; [47][48][49] ii) the synthesis of CS-Au NPs involves three steps, compared to four steps in citrate-stabilised Au NPs, which reduce the chance of toxicity coming from impurities during metal NPs production; [50] iii) the covalent bonding of CS-Au NPs to PP filaments does not require the use of any ligand molecule, as previously reported with Au nanorods (GNRs) [51] and with spherical Au NPs; [36] and iv) the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAAm-co-PAAm copolymer is higher than PNIPAAm-co-MBA (≈38.5 and 33.2 °C, respectively), which approach more to the fever temperatures (>37 °C) of human body.…”

Synergistic applications of cyclodextrin-based systems and metal–organic frameworks in transdermal drug delivery for skin cancer therapy

“…In this field, silver, gold, copper, iron, palladium, and platinum are some of the most explored metals. [51][52][53][54] For example, Teow and Shameli obtained silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using GM (Garcinia mangostana) crude peels extract to reduce AgNO 3 under mild reaction conditions (water, 16 h, 45 1C). 55 The obtained particles have been successfully loaded with PCA (protocatechuic acid, an anticancer metabolite) and displayed a significant activity towards HCT116 colon cancer cells and decreased the unwanted toxicity of the pure drug.…”

A Dual-Biomineralized Yeast Micro-/Nanorobot with Self-Driving Penetration for Gastritis Therapy and Motility Recovery

“…In particular, the materials based on natural cells are always intrinsically compatible and safe with biological systems. 36 However, until now, few cell-based biosynthesized materials have been studied to construct micro-/nanorobots for relevant applications, especially for mucus barrier penetration.…”

“…For instance, a yeast cell, which is a kind of unicellular microorganism with efficient biocompatibility and biodegradation, could mediate and induce the biosynthesis of various inorganic nanostructures inside the cells by a simple and safe synthetic process. , Cells can be modified through complex chemical reactions that might not be feasible through physicochemical protocols. − Hence, cell-based biosynthesis may successfully avoid problems such as environmental pollution, energy loss, and lack of chemical safety. In particular, the materials based on natural cells are always intrinsically compatible and safe with biological systems . However, until now, few cell-based biosynthesized materials have been studied to construct micro-/nanorobots for relevant applications, especially for mucus barrier penetration.…”